Discussion Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Week 7 - Essay Example Another importance of culture is the fact that it defines the first hand experience of workers brought in by the company as well as the local workers work ethics, thus, it can determine the effectiveness of the HRM methods and structures that is used (Sims, 2007). Question 2. Aspects of cross cultural training for as employee going overseas is essential on the adjustment of the personnel in the host country and prevent culture shock and failure. These aspects include the individual dimensions such as psychological barriers to adjustment in a foreign country which can be overcome by motivating the employee and providing coping strategies. Finding compatibility or matching personal expatriate to the characteristics of the host culture is also important which can be done by increasing the knowledge of the culture and norms, thus making the employee feel more at home in a foreign country. Language proficiency is one of the most important aspects in cross cultural training especially in a non-English speaking nation with different form of writing. There are also situational dimensions such as for going home, and even for different situations such as emergencies. These aspects as well as country-specific dimensions determine the success of the empl oyee in coping and working in an international assignment (Carr, 2010). Question 3. Four different approaches to bargaining are the collective bargaining, integrative bargaining, cooperative bargaining and win-win bargaining. Collective bargaining is the process wherein the workforce negotiates terms of employment to the employer commonly through unions. Examples included for collective agreements are health benefits, safety policies, and salary increases. Integrative bargaining involves issues for growth of the company or organization which in the long run can bring about benefits to both parties. An example of this approach is

Visual Art in Greek Mythology Essay Example for Free

Visual Art in Greek Mythology Essay Visual art is one of the most important facets of ancient culture. Not only is visual art aesthetically pleasing to the senses, but it aids us in grasping the concepts of civilizations and stories that we could not fully understand in simple text. Greek mythology has bred some of the most beautiful works of art ever created. These works tell the stories they represent in lively form, color and style. One of the most famed works of art representing Greek mythology originated in 460-450 BC. This is the statue of Zeus. There are arguments about whether it is Zeus or Poseidon, because they are both pliable possibilities, but for simplicitys sake, let us assume it is Zeus. The statue of Zeus is one of great pride. He stands without hesitation. He appears to be in his 40s, but his physical body is muscular and shapely. His very stance is once that demands attention and respect. This represents his role: Zeus the chief god. Zeus is strong, powerful, and just. In the statue, Zeus is about to throw one of his lightning bolts of justice. His face is very stern and focused, as if he is seriously concentrated on the matter at hand. He stands unashamed of his exposed manhood, which is very representative of Zeuss character. Zeus is most known for his tendency to spread his seed throughout both the goddess world and the mortal woman world. It was considered a great honor to be a son or daughter of Zeus. Years and years later, in 1622, a sculptor named Gian Lorenzo created the sculpture Pluto and Proserpine. This sculpture represents the story of the capture of Persephone by Hades. Hades, the Roman Pluto, is depicted holding Persephone, the Roman Proserpine, by her waist and thigh. Persephone is turned away from Hades, pushing his face away. She attempts to squirm free of his strong grasp, a look of horror and fear on her face. It would seem this represents the moment Hades brings her to the underworld and tells her she is to be his queen. It is clear they are in the underworld because of Hades dog at his side. As Persephone pushes him away, he almost looks offended at her refusal. It is clear she cannot escape, for his body is obviously strong and muscular, and both her feet are off the ground, but her attempt is a feisty, determined one. This shows how much she does not want  to stay with Hades in the underworld. The pain she feels is so apparent; her other arm is raised, as if reaching for some sort of escape, and her face is turned, as if she wouldnt even look at him. The open mouth of Hades dog also indicates that theres some sort of struggle going on, like it is barking. There is so much violent, sexual energy in this sculpture. It probably also represent the very moment before Hades ravishes Persephone. Moving further through time, the beautiful painting Cupid Kissing Psyche is created by Francois Gerard in 1798. This piece is absolutely mesmerizing. In the story of Cupid, or Eros, and Psyche, Eros is commanded by his mother Aphrodite to shoot his arrows at Psyche and make her fall in love with an ugly creature because she is jealous of her beauty. When Eros sees Psyche, he himself falls in love with her, and takes her away to be his secret bride. The only condition she must follow is that she cannot see him, for she cant know his true identity. At first Psyche is frightened, but begins to love Eros, still unknowingly. This painting represents this stage of the story, where Psyches love for the unidentified Eros is growing. The very color scheme of this painting is intensely calming and serene. Psyche sits amidst beautiful scenery, staring straight ahead. Eros is next to her, but she does not seem to notice. His hands are so close to her, but its hard to tell whether he is touching her or not. The beautiful youth of Eros is obviously deeply in love with her. Though Psyche cannot see Eros, her face seems to sense him there, and there is no trace of fear. Though it is a painting of Eros and Psyche together, I believe the painter intends for it to be an expression of their love, and not a literal scene. (Meaning, Eros is not actually there beside her. ) She is holding herself tenderly, as if treasuring a memory. Both their bodies are painted so softly and so insanely beautiful that the mind is overcome by their love when viewing this work. In 1809, painter John Vanderlyn painted Ariadne Asleep on Naxos. Ariadne was a beautiful brown-haired maiden who fell in love with the hero Theseus. Ariadne aided Theseus in his slaughter of the Minotaur, and in return, requested to be his bride. Theseus accepted her offer, and after defeating the Minotaur, brought her with him. On the island of Naxos, however, Theseus abandoned her as she slept. This painting represents the moment Theseus sails off, as seen in the background to the right. Ariadne sleeps, stretched out on the ground, her body exposed and relaxed. She looks peaceful, as if she is happily dreaming of her lover, Theseus. The red shades used around her body give her a sexual energy, and yet she rests on a cloth of white, representing her innocence and virginity. Perhaps she is dreaming of her long-awaited wedding with Theseus and the birth of her sexuality. It is tragic in the sense that she may be thinking all these things, while her fiance is sailing off without her and she has no idea. But because she is portrayed in such a desirable way, it almost hints that there will be someone else. As one story goes, the god Dionysus finds her on Naxos and makes her his wife. There is a burst of light where Theseus is sailing away, representing a love that leaves her. But there is another burst of light coming from the opposite direction, hidden in the left, illuminating her body, possibly representing a love that finds her. Painted more recently, in 1908, is Apollo and Daphne by John William Waterhouse. The story behind this painting begins with a conversation between the sun god Apollo and the god of love, Eros. Apollo asks why such a youth like Eros is carrying around weapons of war, and Eros becomes offended. Eros shoots Apollo with the gold-tipped arrow, making him fall desperately in love with the wood nymph Daphne, while he shoots Daphne with the lead-tipped arrow, making her despise Apollo. Apollo pursues Daphne and she rejects him. Daphne is soon transformed into the laurel tree, and Apollo is seen professing his love to this tree. This painting shows the end of the chase. Apollo is reaching for her, his face locked to hers. In his other hand is his musical instrument, ready to woo her. Daphne looks distressed and frightened because of Apollos persistence. The roots begin to hold her in place, beginning the transformation. In their faces, you can see the results of Eros arrows. Apollo is so focused on winning Daphnes affections that there seems to be nothing else in the world for him to do. Daphne seems so repulsed by him, you can almost hear her scream Leave me alone! just by looking at her face. These five examples really express the importance of visual art in mythology. Because we can see these pieces whenever we want, we can relive the stories whenever we want as well. They allow us to really see the thematic emotion behind each story and each god, goddess, nymph and mortal. They take the immortals and make them, well, immortal.

The Importance of Recycling Essay -- Green Energy Recycle Persuasive

You know when you’re walking down the street, drinking your bottled soft drink or water; as you go to throw the bottle away in the trash, have you notice how many of the items in the trash are recyclable. Current reports show that about 80% of the trash that is thrown away is recyclable. Recycling is the third â€Å"R† of the three â€Å"R’s†: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Recycling is defined as taking a product or material at the end of its useful life, and turning it into a usable raw material to create another product. According to Ivanhoe Broadcast News, each year the average American family throws out 2,460 pounds of paper, 540 pounds of metals, 480 pounds of glass and 480 pounds of food scraps. In conclusion the average American throws away more than 1,200 pounds of trash per year, far more than people in most other countries. I personally think that it is ridiculous how unaware and careless people are that they can’t throw an item into a diff erent container, so it can be recycled. To a certain extent it is not just the publics’ fault; I personally believe that the government should set up and take control of the situation. Instead of sitting around as the world becomes more polluted. I believe there are many ways that we can improve this system. For example: technology and electronics are a huge part of our culture and society. The â€Å"fast paced† nature of technology creates products that become outdate very quickly. Electronics not containing lead or mercury are very much recyclable. However, instead of recycling, people just throw these items away, not thinking ... ... anything to help, we as a nation need to step up and support the cause. It is our future, so we must make something out of it. Words Cited Good Will statistics: http://www.wheremostneeded.org/2007/06/corprate_thinki.html By â€Å"blog† Broadcast News, Ivanhoe. â€Å"Re-using and recycling is beneficial.† News 8 Austin 06 August2006. Cell phone statistics: http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/forums/cell_phone_culture.htm By James Katz Alumin Statistics: http://www.chymist.com/alum.pdf By David A. Katz Organic material statistics: http://www.co.allen.in.us/images/stories/Purdue%20CES/Horticulture/ach125.pdf By Allen E. Boger

Analysis of Common Enzymatic Pathways in Gambierdiscus toxicus and Symbiodinium in the TCA Cycle :: The TCA Cycle

Background: Dinoflagellates are one of the four main types of phytoplankton, which are photosynthetic, single celled and free living organisms in the ocean. Dinoflagellates cause the Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) also known as the red tide effect (Hackett et al 2004). Toxicity persisting at upper levels of the food chain is detected in them from the ones which are toxic, but not all such blooms are toxic. Enhanced detection capabilities may in part contribute to observed high frequency and severity of toxic blooms. As they are also important in the health of coral reefs their study has gained significant interest. Species are often selected for genome sequencing based on their importance as a model organism or relevance to human health, such as the HAB case. Fig 1 Gambierdiscus Toxicus and its golden brown chloroplasts (Image courtesy: Institute Malarde) Recreating the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates has been challenging as they possess a known ability to transform from noncyst – to cyst – forming strategies (unreferenced/Wikipedia). The dinoflagellate nucleus lacks histones, nucleosomes and maintains continually condensed chromosomes during mitosis (Dodge 1966), making their classification difficult (Hackett et al 2004). Though being classified as eukaryotes, the dinoflagellate nuclei are not characteristically eukaryotic (Dodge 1966). However, typical eukaryotic organelles, such as Golgi bodies, mitochondria and chloroplasts are present in dinoflagellates (Morrill et al 1983). Since dinoflagellate nuclei possess intermediate characteristics between the coiled DNA areas of prokaryotic bacteria and the well-defined eukaryotic nucleus it was termed ‘mesokaryotic’ by Dodge (1966). This research focuses on Gambierdiscus toxicus which is an armored, marine, benthic species in the phylum Dinoflagellata. It has an epitheca and a hypotheca, that is very similar in size, compressed anterio-posteriorly. The theca is covered with numerous deep and dense pores which are very thick. This species is autotrophic creating energy via several golden-brown chloroplasts (Hackett et al 2004), but is also heterotrophic and hence is referred to as mixotrophic. It has a ventrally – oriented crescent shaped nucleus. (Adachi & Fukuyo 1979). It usually inhabits warmer waters such as bay, mediterranian, tropical/sub – tropical in North/Central America (Shiumuzu et al 1982; Loeblich & Indelicato 1986), Asia/Pacific (Holmes & Tao 2002; Lu & Hodgkiss 2004) and has recently been identified in the Mediterranean (Aligizaki & Nikolaidis 2008). These authors identified the organisms to genus level, at best of their effort, so may have been one of the less common members of its g enus although it is unlikely.

Scientific Management – Taylorism

‘Scientific Management’ is a managerial development theory that was proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s. It was designed to apply scientific methods to the management of work organisations in order to improve economic efficiency and labour productivity. This theory is also well known as ‘Taylorism’ and has had a significant impact in the history of organisational management. Scientific management has had many benefits in the work organisation such as the division between workers and managers, increased efficiency in production and task specialisation. To some extent, this idea may still be relevant in some organisations but it is evident that the problems associated with this theory has led to the downfall of scientific management in today’s service economy and furthermore has allowed for the introduction of improved managerial methods. The issues and disadvantages of scientific management will be further discussed and explained why it is no longer considered relevant in our modern day service economy. With the introduction of scientific management in the work organisation there has been a controversial debate over the changes that occur within the workplace. Do the disadvantages of scientific management theory outweigh the advantages? It is true that this method allows specific tasks to be assigned to specific workers according to their specialisation thus increasing efficiency in productivity as well as a â€Å"regimented system of work organisation and managerial practice† (Aguiar, 2002, p. 239). However these changes have had a detrimental effect on the welfare of the workers due to the investigation of introducing new management procedures. Stress levels and insecurity of the workers were said to have increased as a result of redundancies, layoffs and health and safety issues according to Aguiar (2002). There was also a change in work conditions that introduced the ‘gender division of labour’ meaning that women were assigned with easier jobs whereas men were assigned with the more â€Å"heavy-duty† (Aguiar, 2002, p. 246) jobs. Due to these new management strategies, labour intensification had been increased ultimately leading to an increase in workload and even more changes in work conditions. As a result of gender division, it was evident that there was a significant difference in wages for women and men. Men typically received a higher wage than women which unquestionably became an issue as men were less likely to experience changes in their assigned jobs, whereas women were more susceptible to these changes. Furthermore, not only are women’s wages lower than men’s, this often ends in a gender clash as it leads to women feeling unmotivated and not up to standard. Not only has scientific management created a negative gender division in work organisations, it has also created a less encouraging environment for workers. Although the principles of Taylorism have had a positive outcome on efficiency of production and productivity of workers, it has negatively impacted the workers as it has decreased job satisfaction thus increasing the repetitive nature of the workload. As workers are only required to specialise in one specific task, workers quickly become dissatisfied as the fundamental job requirements such as variety of skill, significance of tasks, independence and criticism are all missing. According to Gronroos (1994), it is due to the introduction of new technology in the work organisation that prevents workers from experiencing considerable job satisfaction. This also results in a poor relationship between workers and customers, as the value of customer satisfaction is neglected and therefore competitive advantages are not achieved. In some work environments there were â€Å"additional target-related pressures† (Bain et al. , 2002, p. 182) where workers refused to work overtime or simply insisted on taking breaks between shifts. In some cases there would be workers that would feel the need to conform and not give into pressure to take breaks thus increasing stress levels and decrease in job satisfaction. Lastly, there is also the issue of Taylorism being easily distorted to exploit workers in a way that they are being controlled and treated as machines rather than human beings. This introduces the idea that this method of management can be seen as dehumanising to the worker. Taylor fails to recognise the importance of the wellbeing of workers in their work environment and rather focuses entirely on gaining maximum efficiency, productivity and profits. This raises conflicts with labour unions as they strongly believe that humans are unlike machines and cannot operate as machines do. Since workers are assigned to their specific task and that task only, they are unable to develop further skills and use their imagination and creativity to complete certain tasks and this is due to a scientific approach in management. There are limited opportunities for workers to be able to express his or her creativity as â€Å"each worker has a very well-determined task† (Caldari, 2007, p. 73). Therefore the outcome of completing the required task will only result in maximum efficiency if they complete what they have been assigned to do but will be unable to develop mentally thus illustrating the concept of dehumanisation. Although the human mind is constantly capable of storing new information such as certain routines and actions, â€Å"the human brain and flexible production systems must exhibit the ability to change, evolve and create† (Caldari, 2007, p. 74). Conclusively, it is evident that in some cases the scientific management approach is accepted by some work organisations. However, Taylor’s theory is flawed in a way that he has failed to account for the crucial factors relating to human welfare and focuses purely on maximisation in productivity, efficiency and profits. Although Taylor’s method was considered the machine model of organisation, and impacted management history in dramatic ways, his theory had also raised many controversial issues that must be considered prior to applying those theories in a predominant service economy. Scientific management may have had a positive impact in particular organisations but in today’s society, this theory is no longer relevant in a predominantly service economy.

Anthropology Essay Sample on Marriage Anthropological Views

Anthropology Essay Sample on Marriage Anthropological Views Anthropology is a discipline with a broad scope since it studies people and their cultures. Anthropological research regards the historical development of the culture in various nations manifesting in worldview, beliefs, customs, traditions, and rituals. Scientists often compare human beings with animals to understand the evolutionary path to the modern type of civilization. Therefore, the knowledge of Anthropology helps people to understand what it means to be a human and how complex the notion of society is. In addition, students can learn about the emergence of such institutions as religion or family in culture. The Anthropology essay sample may consider one of the core branches of the subject. It includes Biological, Cultural, Linguistic Anthropology, or Archaeology. Cultural Anthropology regards human interactions and living customs of various nations through history. Its sociocultural subfield uses qualitative data to examine the differences among cultures and factors that inf luence its formation. The particular paper shows the marriage from the anthropological view, its definition, types, functions as well as the examples of different rituals in the world. ‘Anthropological View of Marriage’ Essay Sample The anthropological view of relationships is deprived of sentiments since scientists always regard it in contrast to animal mating. In ancient times, families occurred due to the fact that people formed settlements to increase the survivability of the population. Even though the modern world with its amenities allows people to stay single for the entire lifetime, individuals still prefer to live in groups. Anthropologists aim to understand the transformation of the relationships from a survival tool to pure satisfaction. Considering the traditions of weddings in different cultures, researchers managed to understand the meaning of matrimony. Marriage is a social institution that people constitute for such benefits as expanded kinship, the basis for children nurturing or financial support, though each culture imposes a specific meaning on the benefit of pairing. Even though love is universal, there is no standard definition of marriage. Anthropologists state that the practice of wedding is distinctive in various parts of the world since people impose it a different meaning. The development of marriage roots from the nature of human beings to gather in couples and tribes to increase the probability of survival in challenging ancient times. In contrast to animals, people started to mate in a specific way creating a ritual called marriage that eventually became a basis of the society. Therefore, it is a primary social institution required for biological, mental, social, moral, and religious evolution. Sexual satisfaction is the least prioritized purpose of marriage since the number of cultures, like Australian, accept that physical contact does not constitute matrimony. At the same time, some people can form a partnership without a ceremony or contract by only being socially approved as a long-term union. Besides, wedding rituals are based on r eligious traditions and often require a blessing. Therefore, the ceremonies and types of marriages around the world significantly differ according to the populations culture. Studying cultural traditions around the world, anthropologists defined various types of matrimonies. The marriage can be a legal contract, a religious promise, or a civil union depending on the worldview of a man and a woman. It can appear between a woman and a man, two men, two women, a man, and several women, or a woman and multiple men. Having more than one legal partner is called polygamy though the majority of countries allow only monogamy – a union consisting of two people. For example, Muslim nations accept multiple families in such countries as Algeria, Cameroon, and Chad. Another form of matrimony is the group marriage in which several men live together with several women, but it is a considerably rare form that did not survive in the modern world due to its complexity. Also, symbolic marriage is a type that does not implies economic or social interconnection of partners. Each example of the union reflects the values and beliefs of the spouses. Therefore, scientists c an judge upon the worldview of the person considering the individuals attitude to mating. Additionally, anthropologists defined functions of marriage or the benefits that spouses can reap by pairing. Firstly, it helps individuals to control sexual behavior and promote the growth of the population. However, physical fidelity is not always a sign of marital happiness and love. For instance, Filipino traditions allow a man to choose a mistress if his wife cannot have children. Moreover, the intercourse with other women is institutionalized so that the woman can help her husband to find another female who would bear him children. Secondly, people marry for the benefit of economic growth and wealth. It is considerably easier to amass the fortune working together and sharing the dwelling, alimentation, and household objects. Thirdly, the family is a useful framework for upbringing children and creating kinship groups. Educating in the family circle, offspring can learn about the culture of their nation and understand the moral foundations. Hence, anthropologists consider the va lue that the person imposes on the marital union, as well as its type to determine the entire perception of the nation. Considering wedding rituals, people can get acquainted with the culture of the country and its religion. The Islamic faith is one of the most spread religions in the world. Muslim people honor their traditions and follow the holy rules of wedding starting from preparation. Two days before the ceremony, the bride accompanied by her closest female friends and relatives hold the Henna Party. Family adores the body of the woman with Henna for aesthetic and protective functions. According to Muslim belief, drawn patterns can contribute marital bliss and fertility. Male friends and family of the couple also prepare for the ceremony. On the nearest Friday after the proposal, men meet at the mosque to conduct a ritual called Fatha. In this way, the bride and the groom stay separate before the ceremony. In addition, Muslim people do not invite a specific officiant to perform the celebration. To ensure the security of the bride, the groom determines the amount of money that he can give to her and describes it in the contract called the Meher. Later, the couple signs the marriage arrangement named the Nikah and shares a piece of sweet fruit. To conclude the ceremony, the attendees read the first chapter of the Qur’an to bless their religious heritage. In general, this beautiful event reveals the values and beliefs of the Islamic faith. Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion that has numerous followers in the world. The time that the couple devotes to preparing for the wedding is also a part of the entire ritual. Once a man and a woman are engaged, they conduct a party called L’chaim. To make the agreement more concrete, the relatives of the bride and the broom officially seal the deal and symbolically mark it by breaking a plate. In contrast to Muslim traditions, Jewish families have to find a person who will perform the ceremony. Besides, the close relatives of the broom decorate hands of the bride with Henna. The groom can visit a ritual bath named mikveh a few days before the ceremony. Jewish couple does not only stays separate but also finds a person who will check that the lovers do not meet secretly and devote this time for meaningful reflection. On the day of the wedding, the point of signing a Ketubah is the most significant moment. It is a legally binding contract stating that the broom now acq uires the bride and determines the monetary amount that the husband should pay in case of divorce. Then, the couple exchanges rings as a symbol of the created kinship. The celebration may include a wide range of activities that depend on the heritage of a particular family. To sum up, marriage as a social institution has significantly transformed from ancient times and partially changed its functions. Also, the meaning of the matrimony is different not only with regard to the culture but also to the worldview of the individual. The modern world accepts two common types of unions – polygamy or monogamy. Forming a family, individuals aim to control their sexual behavior, ensure financial stability, or create a base for growing children. The two examples of ceremonies show that the wedding always consists of separate parts in which the preparation is equally important as the point of agreement. In addition, the event is indivisibly connected with the whole family, not only the engaged man and woman. Therefore, anthropologists can examine the functioning of a particular social institution by visiting ceremonies all over the world and mentioning their distinctive features. Post-writing Tips This sample of the Anthropology essay corresponds to the sociocultural branch of Anthropology. It describes the marriage at the anthropological lens and its definition. The work consists of three main parts: introduction, main body, and conclusion. Each section of Anthropology essay example is devoted to the particular theme and has its aim. The introduction helps the reader to recognize the components of the presented paper. Plus, it provides background information necessary for the understanding of the theme. The thesis statement reveals the core idea that develops the essence of the essay. The main body includes five paragraphs that respectively show the definition of marriage, its types, functions, the example of Muslim, and Jewish wedding ceremonies. The concluding part of the writing restates the thesis statement and each significant finding of the research. I hope that this well-defined essay was useful and helped to understand the subject better.

Free Essays on Hidden Agression In Women

According to Rachel Simmons, author of Odd Girl Odd, â€Å"There is a hidden culture of girls’ aggression in which bullying is epidemic, distinctive, and destructive† (Simmons 2000). When boys bully each other it is done with violence and physical acts. They tend to attack strangers or acquaintances (Simmons 2002). Girls attack within tightly knit networks of friends. This aggression is harder for teachers and parents to identify and increases the damage to the victims. Rachel Simmons says, †Behind a faà §ade of female intimacy lies a terrain traveled in secret, marked with anguish, and nourished by silence†(Simmons 2002). Everyday many girls are being threatened and tormented by girls they thought were their friends. Many of the stories I read came from girls who were bullied by their best friends. When a teacher thinks of a bully she thinks of a boy. When a girl says she is being bullied the teacher just says it is girls being girls and acting catty. â€Å"Studies have established that approximately 15 percent of students are either bullied regularly or are iniators of bullying behavior (Olweus, 1993). Direct bullying seems to increase through the elementary school years, and decline during the high school years. Also school size, racial composition, and school setting do not seem to be distinguishing factors in predicting the occurrence of bullying. Research shows that students who engage in bullying behaviors seem to have a need to feel powerful and in control. They often defend their actions by saying that their victims provoked them in some way. Bullies often come from homes in which physical punishment is used, children are taught to strike out physically as a way to handle problems and parental involvement are usually lacking. Some characteristics of bullies victimize others because they feel bad about themselves. Victims of bullies are usually anxious, insecure, and have low self-esteem. They won’t usually defend thems... Free Essays on Hidden Agression In Women Free Essays on Hidden Agression In Women According to Rachel Simmons, author of Odd Girl Odd, â€Å"There is a hidden culture of girls’ aggression in which bullying is epidemic, distinctive, and destructive† (Simmons 2000). When boys bully each other it is done with violence and physical acts. They tend to attack strangers or acquaintances (Simmons 2002). Girls attack within tightly knit networks of friends. This aggression is harder for teachers and parents to identify and increases the damage to the victims. Rachel Simmons says, †Behind a faà §ade of female intimacy lies a terrain traveled in secret, marked with anguish, and nourished by silence†(Simmons 2002). Everyday many girls are being threatened and tormented by girls they thought were their friends. Many of the stories I read came from girls who were bullied by their best friends. When a teacher thinks of a bully she thinks of a boy. When a girl says she is being bullied the teacher just says it is girls being girls and acting catty. â€Å"Studies have established that approximately 15 percent of students are either bullied regularly or are iniators of bullying behavior (Olweus, 1993). Direct bullying seems to increase through the elementary school years, and decline during the high school years. Also school size, racial composition, and school setting do not seem to be distinguishing factors in predicting the occurrence of bullying. Research shows that students who engage in bullying behaviors seem to have a need to feel powerful and in control. They often defend their actions by saying that their victims provoked them in some way. Bullies often come from homes in which physical punishment is used, children are taught to strike out physically as a way to handle problems and parental involvement are usually lacking. Some characteristics of bullies victimize others because they feel bad about themselves. Victims of bullies are usually anxious, insecure, and have low self-esteem. They won’t usually defend thems...

Belleau wood essays

Belleau wood essays The battle of Belleau Wood, June 1-26 of 1918, was fought five miles immediately northwest of the town of Chateau-Thierry on the River Marne, The Aisne-Marne Sector. Belleau Wood was approximately a mile in length and of irregular shape. It was mostly heavily wooded, cut by a deep ravine on the southern section, and also huge boulders scattered the area. Marines fought one of their greatest battles in history at Belleau Wood. The Marines helped to crush a German offensive that threatened Paris. The three-week long battle was not a masterminds work. Rather, it was a confused mess; often enough the soldiers didnt know where they, the enemy, or the front line was located on that one mile-square dark, bloody forest. This made it almost impossible to communicate on accounts of location and progress during the actions. Prisoners were numbered into the hundreds. One day, after an attack, the prisoner count grew by more than 300. There had been 1200 Germans in the woods that day, and with the exception of those prisoners, nearly all the rest were slain by the marines. This shows the intensity of which the Americans fought. The prisoners reported that they were glad to have a chance to surrender, seeing as though the artillery fire for three days had cut off their food and other supplies. The American attack was a furious one in which the Germans were rather impressed. The battle of Belleau Wood was the first battle in which the AEF (Allied Expeditionary Forces) recorded major casualties associated with the Great War. On this day, the Marine Brigade suffered the worse single-days casualties in the history of the United States Marine Corps, with the killing of 1087 men killed or wounded. The characterization of the USMCs determination and dedication impressed the adversaries and also proved to both the allies and adversaries that America was on the Western Front to fight. ...

Current Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Current Technology - Assignment Example The main purpose of service packs is that they help from security breaches like network intrusion, viruses, Trojan horses, and etcetera. To set up Wi-Fi, you first need a broadband internet connection which is a high speed connection, very fast as compared to a dial-up connection using a telephone line. Then, you need a modem. For a wireless network, a cable modem is recommended which is a device that enables high speed internet connectivity. Afterwards, you would need a wireless router, that is, a device that will facilitate the flow of data traffic between all the PCs that are to be networked together (see Figure 1). Most laptops today have built-in wireless network adaptors which save one from buying an external adapter. Now, let’s explain how Wi-Fi works. The user should have the cable modem and the router hooked up to the wall. The modem is to be connected to the broadband internet connection, and the wireless router is to be connected to the modem (see Figure 2). The use r will have to plug one end of the network cable, that came with the router, to the WLAN port of the router, and the other end to the modem. This is how the modem and router get connected. After the cable is plugged into the router, then to confirm if it has fruitfully connected to the modem, they should see the WLAN mark on the router. If it has lighten up, that means the user has done it. Now, the wireless router needs to be configured properly. First of all, the user needs to connect his PC to the router just temporarily using the network cable that came with the router, in any one of the wired ports on the router other than the WLAN port. He should, after turning on the PC and opening a page in the internet explorer, type in the address of the router in the address bar. He can get this address from the instruction manual he must have got from the router’s vendor. A dialog box will appear that will demand username and password. This also can be searched from the manual. Af ter the password has been created, he will be directed to the router’s configuration page. The things that necessarily need to be configured are creating a distinctive name for the wireless network, enabling WPE2 encryption for network intrusion detection, and creating an administrative password. This will help him save his network from unauthorized access. After saving the changes, the router’s configuration is completed. He, then, needs to unplug the PC from the router. The PC will either automatically detect the router if it has a built-in wireless network adapter, or the user will have to configure the external network adapter by inserting the CD that came with it. The user will go to the wireless network icon in the icon tray located at the bottom right corner of the computer screen, select connect to the network, click on the name of the router, and get connected. The router will transmit information through the modem over to the internet. Wherever the user takes his PC, he will be wirelessly connected to the router. There will be no need to keep stuck at one place because there will be no wires connected to the PC. 3. Advantages First of all, the greatest advantage is that the user does not have to get stuck in bundles of wires, since Wi-Fi is a wireless

Proper Way for a Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Proper Way for a Democracy - Essay Example d, p.1). Freedom, liberties, human right protection, fair elections etc are some of the basic elements of a democratic system. However, in many of the so-called democratic countries, human right violations are taking place continuously. Pakistan is the best examples for this. Malala, a teenage girl from Pakistan is currently struggling to save her life. Pak Taliban or Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the fundamental Muslim group shot her because of her activities to encourage teenage girls to acquire education. â€Å"Malala was attacked by Taliban gunmen on October 9 when she was on her way from school. The TTP said that they will target her again if she survives because she was a â€Å"secular-minded lady†Ã¢â‚¬ (Web Desk, 2012). Pakistan is a democratic country on papers, but in practice, none of the democratic principles observed in Pakistan. Even the elected government is only a toy government in the hands of Pak military. Pak military on the other hand gets immense supp ort from the fundamental groups and hence they will not act against the will of the fundamentalists. In Pakistan, democratic institutions such as judiciary, executive and parliament often clash each other. For example, the removal of Pak Supreme court judge by the former Pakistan president Pervez Musharaf has created lot of political problems in Pakistan. According to Tomuschat (2008), â€Å"An independent judiciary prospers only in countries where democracy, human rights and in particular a free press, set a general framework stabilizing the rule of law† (p.308). In short, the existing political system in Pakistan is incapable of protecting human rights because of the lack of cooperation between different institutions in the... This paper stresses that at present America is conducting war on terror in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq with the help of UK like countries. Moreover, UK and US like democratic countries are supporting the agitations against the autocratic governments in all parts of the world. Democracy and human rights are two sides of the same coin. In other words, human right protection is one of the major objectives of any democratic government. However, the morality of interfering in other states, for the protection of human rights is often questioned, by sociologists and philosophers. The problems with the humanitarian intervention by superpower is that they interfere only in their enemy countries. They will keep silence if the culprit is their supporting country. For example, international community strongly condemned the human right violations taking place in Middle East. Israel is keeping no ethics or morality in their actions in Middle East. However, neither UK nor America seems to be int erested in blaming Israel or interfering in these matters. Humanitarian laws and international laws should be applicable to all. No country, under any circumstances shall able to escape from such laws and restrictions. This report makes a conclusion that humanitarian interventions can be justified in some cases only. Stronger powers often justify their actions in other countries in terms of humanitarian intervention. Once they entered another country, they also do the same thing or humanitarian violation. UK like democratic countries should stay away from interfering in the internal matters of other countries in the name of humanitarian intervention. Only after getting the consent from UN like global bodies, interventions should be done.

International Finance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Finance - Coursework Example ) Rate of return Weightage(?) Equity Shares 720,000,000 9.50% 68,400,000.00 Bank overdraft 169,800,000 6% 10,188,000.00 Redeemable bond 310,200,000 3.52% 10,905,381.42   Total 1,200,000,000 89,493,381.42 WACC 7.46% Current Debt to Equity ratio Debt 480,000,000 Equity 720,000,000 Ratio 0.67 The weighted average cost of capital of the company is the weighted average of the various sources of finance used by the company. Debt is cheaper than equity finance as it lower risk prone and there is always a tax incentive. Increasing amount of debt in the capital structure of the company has its disadvantages as well. Increasing level of debts increases the financial risk of a company which eventually increases the cost of equity as well. The weighted average cost of capital of highly geared company is higher as compared to the others. In the given case study, the company, vagabond plc, is not a highly geared company as against every ? 0.67 worth of debt, the company has ? 1 worth of equity. In order to calculate the weighted average cost of capital of the company, the market value of equity and debt instrument is need to be calculated. The shares of Vagabond plc are currently traded at 36 pence which makes the total market value of the equity to ?720 million. In order to calculate the cost of equity (ke) we use the formula as enumerated in table 1. In the mentioned formula Rf is the risk free rate of return where Rm is the current market rate. Rm-Rf represents the market premium. Beta measures the systematic risk (associated with the environment in which the entity operates) of the company in relation to the current market risk. The company currently has debt through two resources i.e. through bank overdraft and an issuance of redeemable debt bond. For bank overdraft the cost of debt is the rate on which the company pays interest. For the redeemable bond, the cost of debt can be calculated as mentioned in Table 2. Since interest (Coupon x Face value of the debt) is the only cash flow, the IRR of the cash flows is the cost of the debt kd. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company is calculated by considering all the sources of capital and their rate of return. b) The revised weighted average cost of capital for Vagabond Plc, after consideration of the project is as follows. Calculating the revised capital structure Current Debt to Equity ratio Debt 480,000,000 Equity 720,000,000 Ratio 0.67 Investment required ? 300,000,000 Let the investment raised through equity be 'x' Thus in order to maintain the current debt equity ratio, the company’s revised capital structure should be as follows (480 + x) / (720 + (300-x) = 0.67 Solving the equation, the value of 'x' is ? 121.5 million Revised Debt to Equity ratio Table 4 Debt ? 601,500,000 Equity ? 898,500,000 Ratio 0.67 Calculating Beta equity (Geared) of the project   Table 5       Beta (asset) = Beta (equity) x Equity/[Equity +Debt(1-tax rate)] Where    Beta (asset) of th e project is 1.9    Revised debt is 601.5 million    Revised equity is 898.5 million          Substituting all the values in the equation, Beta(equity) is 2.81 Calculating revised cost of equity      Table 6 Using the formula Ke = Rf + (Rm-Rf) * Beta

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 35

Economics - Essay Example Neoclassical synthesis was a post-war economic concept which combined the Keynesian macroeconomics and microeconomics of the neoclassical school of thought (Mankiw, 2006). Paul Samuelson personified and popularized the neoclassical synthesis by trying to make a solid mathematical foundation of economics. This has led to the current domination of neoclassical synthesis in mainstream economics. The mainstream economics combines the supply and demand models of markets with Keynesian theory (Mankiw, 2006). It provides that costs and opportunities play an important part in shaping the decision making process of economic agents. For example, the consumer theory of demand is a model of mainstream economics which determines how prices (costs) affect quantity demanded of a particular product. In this case, decision makers (e.g. consumers) will choose products with lower costs or prices; hence affecting quantity demanded. One of the theoretical assumptions of neoclassical microeconomics is the allocation of scarce resources among unlimited wants. It is assumed that people develop rational preferences of identifiable outcomes that can be valued. Consumers/households maximize utility while firms maximize profits. Provided that they get access to sufficient information, individuals make independent decisions and act independently. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply are the main theoretical foundations of Keynesian macroeconomics (Mankiw, 2006). The IS-LM model is the basic theory of aggregate demand. When these two classes of theoretical foundations (neoclassical microeconomics and Keynesian macroeconomics) are combined, they result in short-run economic fluctuations which form the basis of mainstream economics. The new neoclassical synthesis borrows the general equilibrium theory from the new classical models. The microeconomic foundations of preferences and constraints also form the basis of the

A literature review of brand loyalty from marketing aspect

A of brand loyalty from marketing aspect - Literature review Example Having loyal customers reduces the firm’s marketing cost by approximately thirty percent, according to Rosenberg and Czepiel (1983), mostly because the cost of retaining old consumers is reduced. In addition, brand loyal clients are less price sensitive thus the are willing to pay more for the products as long as they are from their favourite brand, this is a strategy that Apple Inc has used for many years and is still profiting from their loyal consumers who flood to the Apple stores to get new products (Bennett and Thiele 2005). Generally, a sturdy brand name is the number one tool to control the market and to posses a competitive advantage which is essential for any business growth and thus brand loyalty offers a strategic asset that is identified as the leading source of brand equity (Fullerton 2005). This literature review will solemnly study brand loyalty which refers to maintaining old consumers due to their love, trust and faith in the firm’s products. The objectives of this review are to review the dimensions and measures of brand loyalty, the causes of brand loyalty decline, the root of decline in brand loyalty, the remedies and analyze both the merits and demerits of brand loyalty by bringing together thoughts and experiences from a variety of literature and pragmatic studies conducted in the area of brand loyalty. Brand loyalty can be defined either conceptually (abstract descriptions) or operationally (measurement methods). Based on research journals and several literatures worldwide, Jacoby and Chestnut (1978), presented the most elaborate conceptual definition of brand loyalty since it covers the most significant features of brand loyalty. â€Å"The biased, behavioural response expressed over time by some decision making unit with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands and is a function of psychological

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 35

Economics - Essay Example Neoclassical synthesis was a post-war economic concept which combined the Keynesian macroeconomics and microeconomics of the neoclassical school of thought (Mankiw, 2006). Paul Samuelson personified and popularized the neoclassical synthesis by trying to make a solid mathematical foundation of economics. This has led to the current domination of neoclassical synthesis in mainstream economics. The mainstream economics combines the supply and demand models of markets with Keynesian theory (Mankiw, 2006). It provides that costs and opportunities play an important part in shaping the decision making process of economic agents. For example, the consumer theory of demand is a model of mainstream economics which determines how prices (costs) affect quantity demanded of a particular product. In this case, decision makers (e.g. consumers) will choose products with lower costs or prices; hence affecting quantity demanded. One of the theoretical assumptions of neoclassical microeconomics is the allocation of scarce resources among unlimited wants. It is assumed that people develop rational preferences of identifiable outcomes that can be valued. Consumers/households maximize utility while firms maximize profits. Provided that they get access to sufficient information, individuals make independent decisions and act independently. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply are the main theoretical foundations of Keynesian macroeconomics (Mankiw, 2006). The IS-LM model is the basic theory of aggregate demand. When these two classes of theoretical foundations (neoclassical microeconomics and Keynesian macroeconomics) are combined, they result in short-run economic fluctuations which form the basis of mainstream economics. The new neoclassical synthesis borrows the general equilibrium theory from the new classical models. The microeconomic foundations of preferences and constraints also form the basis of the

Kodak & Fujifilm Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Kodak & Fujifilm - Research Paper Example In order to gain sustainable competitive advantage, the company builds its innovation platform on its technological heritage. The company has a unique design strategy which is always looking for opportunities across every product’s entire life cycle. As a result, the company is able to offer unique solutions at every stage of the product life cycle. For instance, customers are offered to choose among various applications such as offset plates, printing solutions, packaging solution and workflow systems in order to enhance the efficiency of their services and products. The company’s capabilities in material science and deposition have also resulted in innovative and alternative products such as fuel cells, batteries, solar panels and biotech products such as films for tissue regeneration, disposable sensors, and antimicrobials. The innovation expertise of the company has also forayed into fields such as biochemistry and bio-fuels. Â  In order to gain sustainable competi tive advantage, the company builds its innovation platform on its technological heritage. The company has a unique design strategy which is always looking for opportunities across every product’s entire life cycle. As a result, the company is able to offer unique solutions at every stage of the product life cycle. For instance, customers are offered to choose among various applications such as offset plates, printing solutions, packaging solution and workflow systems in order to enhance the efficiency of their services and products.

The Taming Of The Shrew Essay Example for Free

The Taming Of The Shrew Essay In Petruchios attempt to woo Katherina he uses alot of flattery, and appears to have a laid-back attitude towards the verbal dispute that arises in the first meeting. He is made to feel unwelcome from the moment Katherina is present, but he is confident that he will change her view towards him and accept him as her husband-to-be. The word movable is used as an insult by Katherina, but Petruchio deliberately misunderstands what she is trying to say and makes a witty pun from this. Towards the end of this act Petruchio begins to grow tired of Katherinas lack of co-operation towards the matter of marriage. In a last desperate act before Baptista , Tranio and Gremio return, he loses his charming image and appears as very forward and aggressive towards Katherina. This emphasizes his short temper and antagonistic nature. After an eventful and chaotic wedding, Katherina is deeply hurt inside, but her anger shows on the outside. This is worsened when Petruchio wants to lave for hom and doesnt attend his own wedding feast. This shows Petruchios leadership in the relationship at such an early stage. Katherina is understandably furious isnt ready to deal with Petruchios strange behaviour and tells him he can leave but she will not be going with him. This is an attempt by Katherina to gain some leadership in the relationship because she is only used to getting her own way and doesnt like how she is being treated.

Reptile and Bird Eggs: An Introduction

Reptile and Bird Eggs: An Introduction For a long time now scientist have been studying all types of reptiles since before man walked the earth. When comparing todays modern reptile eggs, and bird eggs we see many differences that are still being studied. Birds are almost found everywhere, while most reptile are only in specific location. They both lay eggs that are diverse internally and externally. We will look at different species of birds and reptiles to find out more about their extraordinary reproductive system and the eggs themselves. Birds Feathered, winged egg laying vertebrates. (Irie, 2010) Approximately 10,000 living species (Deeming, 2007) The only branch of dinosaurs to have survived the Cretaceous Paleogene extinction 65.5 million years ago. (Dolnik, 2001) Scientists theorize that birds evolved from dinosaurs. (Dolnik, 2001) Archaeopteryx lithographica  had two strong legs and walked as a bird does. Its skeleton was reptilian and had the feathers of a bird. (Dolnik, 2001) There are two theories as to why feathers would have developed in the evolution of birds. One is that because the ancestors of birds where becoming warm blooded, they needed the insulation of feathers. Another is that they develop because of a need for flight and gliding. (Dolnik, 2001) This capability to fly gave birds the competitive edge as they could travel over greater distances and areas seeking food. This also permitted them to live in places unreachable to other animals. (Deeming, 2007)   Bird Eggs Bird eggs  are laid by females and  incubated  for a time that changes according to the species. (Deeming, D C; Birchard, G F 2007) A single bird hatches from each egg. (Deeming, D C; Birchard, G F 2007) Lay very typical amniote eggs  with calcified shells. (Dove, 2012) Birds brood their eggs until hatching. Some bird species are naked and helpless at birth, and must be fed by their parents; these birds are called  altricial. (Dove, 2012) Some birds lay eggs even when not fertilized (Deeming, 2007) Cormorant eggs are rough and chalky (Dove, 2012) Tinamou  eggs are shiny (Nathan, 1999) Duck  eggs are oily and waterproof (Nathan, 1999) Cassowary eggs are heavily pitted (Nathan, 1999) Tiny pores in a bird eggshell allow the embryo to breathe. (Irie, 2010) The majority bird eggs have an  oval shape, with one end rounded and the other more pointed. (Deeming, 2007) The eggs wall is shapeable(Deeming, 2007) Numerous animals feed on eggs. (Dove, 2012) Humans have a long history of both eating wild bird eggs and raising birds for farmed eggs for consumption. (Dove, 2012) Brood parasitism  occurs in birds when one species lays its eggs in the nest of another. In some cases, the hosts eggs are removed or eaten by the female, or expelled by her chick. (Irie, 2010) Reptiles Reptiles  are members of the  class  Reptilia  comprising the  amniotes  that are neither  birds  nor  mammals. (Rafferty, 2012) The amniotes are the  vertebrates  with eggs featuring an  amnion, a double membrane that allows the  embryo  to breathe effectively on land. (Dolnik, 2001) Living reptiles are  cold-blooded  and bear scales. (Rafferty, 2012) Reptiles originated around 320-310 million years ago during the  Carboniferous  period, having evolved from highly developed  reptile like amphibians  that became gradually more adapted to life on dry land. (Dolnik, 2001) There are many extinct groups, including  dinosaurs,  pterosaurs, and ichthyosaurs. (Dolnik, 2001) There are 8,240 species of reptiles in the world, inhabiting every continent except Antarctica. (shine, 1999) Lizards and snakes have a single sheet of overlapping scales. (Rafferty, 2012) Other reptiles grow plates. (Rafferty, 2012) The main purpose of the skin is to keep water in the animals body. (Shine, 1999) Reptiles can go without water for long periods, and many species prosper in deserts. (Shine, 1999) Reptiles, like birds, have deliberate control over the muscles in their eyes, which determine their pupil size. They are able to constrict or dilate their pupils at will, not just in reaction to light. (Dove, 2012) The brain of a reptile is not over 1 percent of his body mass. Unlike amphibians, however, the reptilian brain has two hemispheres. (Nathan, 1999) The nervous systems of reptiles are adequately complex and similar to those of mammals. (Rafferty, 2012) Reptile eggs The eggs laid by some reptiles even smaller, and those of insects and other  invertebrates  can be much smaller still. (Nathan, 1999) Chicken eggs have a hard shell while reptile eggs have a soft, leathery shell. (Qualls, 2002) Large macrolecithal eggs, develop independent of water. (Deeming, D C; Birchard, G F 2007) Like amphibians,  amniotes  are air-breathing  vertebrates, but they have complex eggs including an  amniotic membrane. (Qualls, 2002) Dinosaurs laid eggs, some of which have been preserved as petrified fossils. (Dolnik, 2001) Macrolecital eggs are found in  reptiles(Deeming, 2007) Oviparity is typical of birds and reptiles. (Nathan, 1999) Literature Review Dove (2012). Consumption of bird eggs by invasive Burmese Pythons in Florida. Burmese Pythons have been reported to consume 25 species of adult birds in Everglades National Park, Florida but until now no records documented this species eating bird eggs. Deeming, D C; Birchard, G F (2007). Allometry of egg and hatchling mass in birds and reptiles: roles of developmental maturity, eggshell structure and phylogeny. This article looks at a wide range of birds and  reptiles using regression analysis, In birds, initial  egg  mass (IEM) at laying is the most important factor affecting phylogenetic relatedness. For all  reptile  species, IEM phylogenetic relatedness did not. This article also observed for the relationship between  eggmass and incubation period. Shine, R,(1999). Egg-laying reptiles in cold climates: determinants and consequences of nest temperatures in montane lizards. This article studies reptilian life-history and evolution. Many of these species avoid low incubation temperatures by selecting warm nest-sites, reptiles  may adapt to low-temperature incubation rather than avoid it. Bassiana  eggs  tolerate higher temperatures than do Nannoscincus  eggs, but do not develop as rapidly at low temperatures. Dolnik, (2001) Allometry of egg mass, clutch size and total clutch mass in dinosaurs: comparison with modern reptiles and birds. In this article the author presents for the first time empirical allometrical equations matching the mass of dinosaurs with the mass of their  eggs, clutch size and its total mass. Contrast of these equations with those that were planned for modern taxa of  reptiles  and birds shows that dinosaurs can be characterized by intermediate value of allometry index. Nathan, R, and Y. L. Werner (1999). Reptiles and breeding birds on Mt. Hermon: Patterns of altitudinal distribution and species richness This article reviews and analyzes the altitudinal distribution of  reptiles  and breeding  birds on Mt. Hermon over the distance of 2814 m. Species diversity was larger in breeding  birds  than in  reptiles  , declining with rising altitude in both groups, but more sharply so in  birds. The scientist explain that the generalization of vegetation arrangement with increasing altitude may explain this variation, because  birds probably better use the three-dimensionality of densely-vegetated habitats that take over low elevations. C. P. Qualls,  R. M. Andrews (2002). Maternal body volume constrains water uptake by lizard eggs  in utero In this article observations showed that some characteristic of retention in the oviductal environment restricts the amount of water eggs can absorb prior to oviposition. This paper presents proof, from two species of  Sceloporus  lizard, supporting the hypothesis that restricted space within the mothers body cavity physically constrains the ability of eggs to expand, and thereby their ability to absorb water. If such a constraint on water uptake is extensive, it can have significant implications for the understanding the costs of reproduction, and the determinants of reproductive output in squamate reptiles. Anthony R. Rafferty and Richard D. Reina, (2012). Arrested embryonic development: a review of strategies to delay hatching in egg-laying reptiles. This article discusses arrested embryonic development connecting the down regulation or cessation of active cell division and metabolic activity, and the ability of an animal to arrest embryonic development results in temporal plasticity of the duration of embryonic period. Arrested embryonic development is a significant reproductive strategy for egg-laying animals that provide no parental care after oviposition. Irie,Toshiaki, (2010). Retinoid storage in the egg of reptiles and birds In this article storage of retinal has been established in  eggs  from a variety of anamniotic vertebrates, but the retinoid-storage state in  eggs  of oviparous  amniotic  vertebrates (reptiles and  birds) has not been clarified in detail. Scientist studied four reptilian and five avian species and established that retinal was commonly stored in their  egg  yolk. In addition, retinal was the major retinoid in reptilian eggs, with only low levels of retinol, while major amounts of retinol as well as retinal were stored in avian  eggs. In equally reptilian and avian  eggs, retinal was frequently bound to proteins, which were assumed to be homologous to the proteins that attach retinal in the  eggs  of anamniotic vertebrates.

The Character Development Program of Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools :: Education CMS Essays

The Character Development Program of Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools (CMS), with the support of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, recently received a four-year, 1.83 million dollar grant from the United States Department of Education to implement a character development program for students. This program is designed to integrate character development into classroom instruction and to ensure parental and community involvement in character development initiatives. The program has existed for one year. The purpose of this paper is to overview the goals and activities of the program. The program goals are to: (1) enhance character development among CMS students; (2) identify the extent to which students in the treatment group exhibit fewer instances of negative behavior as a result of exposure to character development activities; (3) enhance the understanding and involvement of parents and families in school-based character education efforts; and (4) increase the involvement of the faith and social communities in school-based character education efforts in CMS. The goals of the program are being measured through multiple data collection techniques  ¡V surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and review of existing data. Evaluation of the program is both formative and summative. Using a quasi-experimental design with carefully matched comparison conditions, twenty-five elementary, middle, and high schools with more than 24,000 students (i.e., the treatment group) are being exposed to an array of character development initiatives. These schools have been matched with demographically similar schools (i.e., the control group) that are not receiving these initiatives. Baseline data for goals and objectives were obtained during the 2002-2003 school year for the purpose of comparison with data obtained during subsequent years of the program. We expect that this program will decrease office referrals and suspensions, increase attendance, and increase the number of students participating in service learning at a statistically significant level. In addition, we expect that Parent-Teacher Association attendance and parental awareness of good character will increase. Also, we anticipate an increase in involvement in schools of the faith and business communities, a fusing of character and religious teachings within the faith community, and an increase in the in-kind and financial support of the schools from the business and social community. During the next three years, CMS central office will support the treatment schools' efforts to enhance character development by: . Developing a guide for parents that describes how families can teach and model

One Life to Live (soap opera) :: essays research papers

One Life to Live is a soap opera broadcasted on the ABC channel on the weekdays. I started to watch this show when I was a sophomore in high school, and when I used to come home from school, my mom would be watching it. That is how I got addicted to it. The story takes place in a town called Llanview. One Life to Live appeals to many viewers because the show keeps the viewers hanging onto the episode’s next scene. The viewers know that if they watch the last scenes of one episode, then, the next day, the story may change or something unexpected might happen. This is how the viewer gets attached to the show. For example, a couple of weeks ago, one of the last scenes was with Jen with a pregnancy test in her hand. If people watched the show the next day, the pregnancy test was not hers. It was her mother’s. Her mother had also taken a pregnancy test the same day and had switched the tests on her. Then, the scene was cut with a commercial. The story was that her mother was pregnant, not Jen. This catches viewers to watch the show the next day because then, they want to know why her mother would do such a thing. The next day, the show is done the same way with the last scenes. There would be a scene that is cut off so that the viewers have to watch it again just to find out what happens the next day. Another way that keeps the viewers watching One Life to Live is how they never know who is going to be broadcasted the next day. There are so many characters that it is unlikely for all of them to be on each episode. For example, Todd, Blair, and Star are one family. Todd and Blair are the parents of their ten-year old Star. One day, the three of them might be broadcasted together in the same episode. The next day, Todd might be on an excursion throughout the show whereas Blair and Star are not even viewed. This is what occurs with almost all the characters. So viewers get attached to see who will be viewed the next day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One Life to Live also appeals to the viewers because of how the characters all relate to one another and some of the characters do not even know that they are related to someone else somehow. One Life to Live (soap opera) :: essays research papers One Life to Live is a soap opera broadcasted on the ABC channel on the weekdays. I started to watch this show when I was a sophomore in high school, and when I used to come home from school, my mom would be watching it. That is how I got addicted to it. The story takes place in a town called Llanview. One Life to Live appeals to many viewers because the show keeps the viewers hanging onto the episode’s next scene. The viewers know that if they watch the last scenes of one episode, then, the next day, the story may change or something unexpected might happen. This is how the viewer gets attached to the show. For example, a couple of weeks ago, one of the last scenes was with Jen with a pregnancy test in her hand. If people watched the show the next day, the pregnancy test was not hers. It was her mother’s. Her mother had also taken a pregnancy test the same day and had switched the tests on her. Then, the scene was cut with a commercial. The story was that her mother was pregnant, not Jen. This catches viewers to watch the show the next day because then, they want to know why her mother would do such a thing. The next day, the show is done the same way with the last scenes. There would be a scene that is cut off so that the viewers have to watch it again just to find out what happens the next day. Another way that keeps the viewers watching One Life to Live is how they never know who is going to be broadcasted the next day. There are so many characters that it is unlikely for all of them to be on each episode. For example, Todd, Blair, and Star are one family. Todd and Blair are the parents of their ten-year old Star. One day, the three of them might be broadcasted together in the same episode. The next day, Todd might be on an excursion throughout the show whereas Blair and Star are not even viewed. This is what occurs with almost all the characters. So viewers get attached to see who will be viewed the next day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One Life to Live also appeals to the viewers because of how the characters all relate to one another and some of the characters do not even know that they are related to someone else somehow.

“Country Lovers” by Nadine Gordimer and “Veronica” by Adewale Maja Pearce Essay

Explore the ways in which relationships are shaped and influenced by traditional cultural expectations in the short stories you have studied. Relationships – platonic and intimate – are sometimes built from cultural expectations; but to what extent are people willing to go to uphold those traditions? I will discuss two short stories â€Å"Country Lovers† by Nadine Gordimer and â€Å"Veronica† by Adewale Maja Pearce, in which both focus on close relationships which are condemned from the start due to strict and uncompromising cultural expectations. Cultural influences are portrayed strongly by the non-British writers; one is set in an unnamed African village, and the other Apartheid South Africa. Both stories tragically show the destructive effect on relationships, when a tenacious fixation with tradition causes them to be obeyed beyond the point of humaneness, and everything else – including love – is disregarded. In â€Å"Country Lovers† the protagonists Paulus (heir to wealthy farming business) and Thebedi (a black farm worker) form an inter-racial relationship in the period of Apartheid rule in South Africa. During Apartheid the divide between blacks and whites was immense. Skin colour determined every aspect of social life. Whilst the affluent whites had their own well-equipped facilities, living in large houses and having well-paid jobs, blacks had to manage with a much lower standard of life. â€Å"Apartheid laws prohibited most social contact between races† (Microsoft Encarta 2006) and inter-racial sex and marriage were strongly opposed by law making it virtually impossible for a blossoming relationship such as Paulus’ and Thebedi’s to progress. They stood at two different sides of the track, whilst Paulus was son of a rich farmer, Thebedi worked on his farm. The contrast between them is great; and so their economic and social differences would be deeply frowned upon. An instance of the contrast, is the scene after Paulus and Thebedi met at the riverbed it says â€Å"and each returned home with the dark – she to her mother’s hut, he to the farmhouse†. A hut in comparison to a house proves the extent of Apartheid and the blacks living conditions. Njabulo, also a slave labourer would have lived here, and he had feelings for Thebedi. Njabulo’s relationship with Thebedi is also dictated by the expectations of a black man in that time, and also his limitations because of it. For example, Paulus returned from school, and brought Thebedi gifts, because he could afford to, although â€Å"Njabulo said he wished he could have bought her a belt and earrings† (line 35). He couldn’t display his love for her, because he didn’t have the means. When Njabulo made arrangements to marry her, he couldn’t offer her parents the customary cow that should have been given in place of Thebedi. This also shows that the customs of the blacks could not be taken under consideration whilst segregation that was going on. Also, when the â€Å"very light† (line 114) baby was being born it simply states â€Å"Njabulo made no complaint†. The preceding sentences had been very long and descriptive with many clauses, but this contrasting short simple one gives it importance and could show that he didn’t care, but could also show that he couldn’t do anything about it and so just accepted it. Despite the fact that it had been proven that Thebedi had had an intercourse with a white man, Njabulo maybe couldn’t ask her about it because he was a second-class citizen and couldn’t do anything. Also, maybe he felt uncomfortable to question her in regards to the baby, because it wasn’t uncommon for white men to rape black women in those times. Cultural expectations forced Njabulo to keep quiet, and so it impacted negatively upon their relationship. There was no trust or compassion between them as he had â€Å"no complaint† when Thebedi had another man’s child. Despite Thebedi’s marriage, the love between Paulus and Thebedi seemed very pure. In line 1 of the story it sets the scene for what the whole story is based upon – â€Å"The farm children play together when they are small; but once the white children go away to school they soon don’t play together any more, even in the holidays†. It immediately drags us into the harshness of living under Apartheid. The entire tone of the narrator is cool and unemotional, perhaps to show the thoughts and feelings of the time. Most white people didn’t really care about the inequality during the Apartheid system, and so had no compassion towards the blacks or to what they were going through. The unemotional tone of the story could also reflect the harshness of the people that were for apartheid or unsympathetic towards the experiences of black people, as the writer Nadine Gordimer was a strong activist in the anti-apartheid movement. The opening line shows how there is no discrimination when the children are young, but as they get older they discover the divide, and so blacks begin to call whites â€Å"missus and baasie† and blacks drop further and further behind in schooling. The story uses country specific words to show that it is not set in England such as â€Å"koppies† – small hill in South Africa. The story sharply contrasts the everyday relationships between whites and blacks as they get older to say â€Å"The trouble was Paulus Esendyck did not seem to realise that Thebedi was now simply one of the crowd of farm children down at the kraal†. He goes against the norm and continues to entertain their relationship, rather than just stop his feelings for her. The language used here such as â€Å"the trouble† shows that it was a problem that Paulus could not just forget Thebedi. Even when he grew up and out of childhood and experienced the things of adulthood, it did not discourage his love for her. Although it was expected of Paulus to like these white girls as it suggests in the story â€Å"the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now†, â€Å"The head girl of the ‘sister’ school was said to have a crush on him he didn’t particularly like her† he had stronger feelings for Th ebedi. In the story, Paulus and Thebedi both go on a walk but unaware of each other but then meet whilst on the walk. This could symbolise that they each want to follow their own paths, but it leads back to one another, â€Å"they had not arranged this, it was an urge each followed independently†. They then go into deep conversation, and during this scene the writer uses lots of descriptive language and imagery to depict their surroundings, such as, â€Å"twisted and tugged at the roots of white stinkwood and Cape willow trees that loped out of the eroded earth around them† and â€Å"old, and eaten trees held in place by vigorous ones, wild asparagus brushing up between the trunks, and here and there prickly-pear cactus sunken-skinned and bristly†. This technique may have been used prolong Paulus and Thebedi’s scene of happiness and contentment with each other – â€Å"she laughed a lot†¦sharing her amusement with the cool shady earth†. Another view is that nature is the only thing around them, it is not discriminatory and doesn’t judge them allowing them to be happy. The turning point in the story is when Paulus and Thebedi have intercourse and it is a blissful time, it says â€Å"they were not afraid of one another†¦this time it was so lovely, so lovely he was surprised†. Although, due to the segregation of the time inter-racial relationships were forbidden (as they were illegal) and so their meetings had to be secret, for being found out would have incurred harsh punishments and being socially shunned. Paulus and Thebedi hide their love from others, specifically by making excuses for Thebedi’s gift â€Å"she told her father the missus had given these (gilt hoop earrings) as a reward for some work she had done†, and by sneaking in and out of the farmhouse â€Å"she had to get away before the house servants, who knew her, came in at dawn†. They both lead double lives. Paulus leaves for veterinary school and Thebedi marries Njabulo – the lives they â€Å"should† be leading if they stuck to the cultural expectations. Once the baby is born everything changes. The writer constantly refers to childhood, during the key scene when Paulus searches for Thebedi and their baby, â€Å"He drank a glass of fresh, still-warm milk in the childhood familiarity of his mother’s kitchen† and also â€Å"For the first time since he was a boy he came right in the kraal†. Children are usually associated with innocence and naivety, and so maybe this was used to contrast with the act of murder he will commit, or maybe to remind the readers of the relationship he had with Thebedi when he was younger. In lines 132-134, the long sentences used increase the suspense and tension for the reader, as they are eager to find out what happens next, whilst the writer rambles on about non-essential information. There is a change in Paulus as he no longer enters into long conversations with Thebedi; his language is short and clipped as he says â€Å"I want to see. Show me†. After Thebedi shows him his child, she uses an anecdote which corresponds to the situation, â€Å"the gang of children had trodden down a crop in their games or transgressed in some other way†¦and he the white one among them must intercede with the farmer†. This shows that the baby was the product of some â€Å"transgression† and the responsibility befell on him, Paulus to put it right. You can see that he felt some sorrow or regret as it says â€Å"he struggled for a moment with a grimace of tears, anger and self-pity†. The relationship between Paulus and Thebedi had been destroyed because of the cultural expectations, as it says â€Å"she could not put her hand to him†. Thebedi could not even console her young lover, as she had no idea how he would react, maybe in anger he could hurt her, and he was confused â€Å"I don’t know†¦ I feel like killing myself†. This was now no longer an intimate relationship although they shared a close moment, a chance to reconcile their love Paulus walked out, because the traditions had made it impossible for them to try and rekindle their affection for one another – â€Å"For a moment there was the feeling between them that used to come when they were alone down at the riverbed† Others opinions and views of Paulus are that the prospect of being prosecuted outweighed his love for Thebedi and his child. He had to reassure that she had never been near the farm house, and willing her to take it away and finally did the only thing he could to make sure he was not found out. The last line summarises the whole story, even though they continued a relationship from childhood it was doomed from the beginning due to the pressures and harshness of living in a segregated society, â€Å"It was a thing of our childhood, we don’t see each other any more. â€Å" Adewale Maja-Pearce depicts the tragic story ‘Veronica’ in which two members of a rural African village born and raised together, begin to lead very different lives on the ground of hampering cultural expectations. The narrator Okeke recollects his experiences in the village, and his platonic relationship with a fatalistic childhood friend Veronica. Set in the middle of the last century, views of the roles of men and women were rigid and unyielding. The story shows how African women of the time were subjected to constant pressure and mounting responsibilities which in turn leads to fatal consequences. In Afrcian society, men were traditional â€Å"breadwinners† and it was a woman’s role to do childrearing and house work. Veronica automatically adopted the responsibilities of her entire family as ‘since she was the eldest child†¦bringing up the other children had fallen on her’. The adjective â€Å"fallen† does not show the responsibility in a good light, as it suggests that a heavy burden has been dropped onto her. It also describes her family situation as she had to take on tasks stereotypically associated with men- such as â€Å"chopping firewood†, as well as taking on maternal roles such as catering for her siblings. Her father abuses her â€Å"listening to her scream†, and is described as a â€Å"brute†, and her mother described as â€Å"weak†. Maja-Pearce may have used the characters as allegory for the political views of the African country. Veronica is a symbol of the abused and mistreated citizens whilst her father symbolises the government and their indifference and apathy towards the citizens deprivation, and her mother could symbolise th e â€Å"weak† bystanders that can’t do anything due to their lack of means. This view also ties in with the fact that historically during this period a civil war would soon be in progress, and also that Maja-Pearce had written several stories that challenge the principles of African society. The relationship between Veronica and Okeke is told solely from Okeke’s point of view as he gives a background, until he talks of his leaving the village. The writer could have done this to show that Veronica’s situation was probably much worse than Okeke knew about, and so the reader would imagine terrible things would happen to her whilst Okeke heard â€Å"screams in the night†, and so empathise with her more. This technique could be seen as building tension and anticipation for when they meet, or to show that this crucial dialogue is a very important part of the story. A turning point in the story when Okeke and Veronica’s friendship is ended by Okeke’s plans to leave his home village and make a life for himself in the city, whilst Veronica refuses to abandon her family. The parting conversation shows just how much cultural tradition has been impressed on Veronica. When Okeke suggests that she leave the village, she replies â€Å"Me!†. This could be vewed as mock indignance, because she feels that Okeke is telling her to forget her set role in society, or it could be seen as genuine surprise at him suggesting that she should give up everything near to her. Okeke then asks for her reasons for staying and she says ‘I can’t just leave my family’.

History and Memory Essay Essay

Analyze the ways history and memory generate compelling and unexpected insights Representing an ‘absolute truth’ is impossible. Inherent human bias affects both history and memory. We unintentionally falsify parts of the past in order to emphasise the nature of past events we find central to our individual beliefs. Therefore we are challenged with obvious limitations in representing the ‘truth’. The interplay of history and memory however, leads to a rather satiable and tangible level of truth. Nonetheless, it is yet to be seen that this satisfiable level of truth will be riddled with bias as it is human nature to have an opinion/perspective that makes reconciling (accepting) memory and history a great challenge. Ultimately, this satiable level of truth creates compelling and unexpected insights into the past as assumptions that have previously been thought as true and views can change when face with uncertainty (or challenged by evidence). Mark Baker’s biographical novel The Fiftieth Gate highlights his confrontation with the terror of his parents’ childhood. Similarly, ‘Big Fish’ composed by Tim Burton which explores the strained relationship between a father and son both express the ways both history and memory generate compelling and unexpected insights. Individual’s often feel compelled to an empirical representation of past events, this is evident as Mark Baker, a man who predominately believes in precision and order which is conveyed as he â€Å"collects his memories in colour coded photo albums† so it is obvious that he has an assumption that History unlocks the past and contains all the answers in his search for the absolute truth. Furthermore, the confession that Mark â€Å"believed the soviet records more than his own mother† which was hard for the composer to accept, due to the fact that Mark feels compelled to believe the empirical representation of events rat her than the figurative/ emotional representation of the truth and therefore creates an unexpected insight into what Mark originally thought was a sterile representation of the truth. Similarly, Big Fish also expresses this viewpoint as the protagonist ‘William Bloom’ â€Å"wants to know the true version of things†. The dialogue previously mentioned articulates the need for a  factual/verified account of truth in which William demands of his father, a man who William feels he doesn’t â€Å"know about as he hasn’t said a single fact†. Consequently, the thirst William has for knowledge that is definite and unrefutable, leads him to be compelled when he finally understands the man his father is. Therefore, the often unexpected insights challenge individual notions of representing truth and not just verify what happened. However, the figurative representation can be more powerful that the facts alone. This is particularly apparent throughout this biographical novel with the expression â€Å"It always begins in darkness, until the first light illuminates a hidden fragment of memory†. The chiaroscuro represented in this quote communicates the idea that memory is stored away until a physiological trigger releases the fragment of memory which is imparted as Yossl (Mark’s father) walks throughout the Jewish Graveyard reliving the memories of his childhood with his deceased friends. Ultimately, this creates a compelling and unexpected insight as the majority of people visit the graveyard to commemorate and mourn the death of their beloved. Additionally, Big Fish also supports this statement as the need for figurative representation far outweighs the need for an empirical one. The statement â€Å"All the facts but, none of the flavour† represents the notion of embellishing the truth to provide not only a moralistic and emotive perspective but one of entertainment also. The figuratively, compelling insight of representation entertains the individual and therefore may render this representation more powerful than an empirical one. Consequently, the figurative can sometimes capture and compel the individual more than the verified facts alone. Lastly, reconciling an empirical representation with the figurative can piece together a satiable level of truth. â€Å"I was searching for her history in order to vindicate her stories† indicates the desperate ne ed that Mark Baker had to reconcile his mother’s memory through the use of history. The movie Big Fish supports this view through the use of dialogue. â€Å"They have two completely different personalities but the same set of legs† ironically can be expressed as a personification of both history and memory. The dialogue creates a compelling and unexpected insight as it conveys that history and memory are both created from humans; however they are seen to be completely different in the respect that history is factual and evidence based while is personal and often emotive. The  combination of the two interplay in Despite human nature’s imperfections in representing an ‘absolute truth’, when we accept the limitations and reconcile the subjective and objective perspectives a satiable level of truth is achievable.

Most Effective Communication Interpersonal Communication Essay

Most Effective Communication Interpersonal Communication - Essay Example In this paper we are going to discuss effective interpersonal communication and how it helps in developing effective communication in our lives. We are also going to study roles of self-disclosure, non-verbal communication and listening in building effective interpersonal communication. For this purpose we will be considering three aspects of interpersonal communication and how these branches of communication are connected to have an effective communication. What is interpersonal communication? McCornack (2012) defines interpersonal communication as a dynamic form of communication between two (or more) people in which the messages exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships. It is a process of give and take and is extremely impactful. Communication is multi-dimensional. Various aspects such as nonverbal communication, self-disclosure, and listening impact interpersonal communication great deal. To understand correlation of these key concepts, we have to understand definitions of these concepts. Self-disclosure –Revealing private information about yourself to others is known as self-disclosure (McCornack, 2012). How much information you are willing to share about yourself plays a pivotal role in building relationships with people. We are not very comfortable about sharing our personal experiences and life events with anyone as we fear that it could alter the image I have created in the mind of the listener. However it is also observed that in interpersonal communication, effective self-disclosure along with implicit trust has often helped strengthening relationships and mutual understanding. Wood (2007) states that one way to get information about yourself is through self-disclosure, which is revealing information about ourselves that others are unlikely to discover on their own. Self-disclosure is an important way to learn about ourselves. Wood suggests that as we reveal our hopes, fears, dreams, and feelings, we get responses from others that give us new perspectives on who we are. In addition, we gain insight into ourselves by seeing how we interact with others in new situations. Nonverbal communication – communication that happens without saying a word written or oral is nonverbal communication (McCornack, 2012). We say so many things with the help of gestures, eyes and body language. As nonverbal cues keep giving away what is going on in our minds, it is often said that we c annot communicate. Hence we do not believe only on words said in communication, and it becomes imperative that it is accompanied by appropriate body language. Knapp and Daly (2002) state that interpersonal communication scholars have probably always recognized the vital contributions of proxemics, kinesic, olfactory, vocal, and verbal signs to the understanding of interpersonal communication, but the early emphasis was clearly on verbal behaviour. As the number of scholars studying non-verbal behaviour increased, it gradually became a separate area of study. Moreover, Knapp and Daly (2002) report that the study of verbal behaviour and non-verbal behaviour appeared, for practical purposes, to be independent of one another. Listening – listening is not hearing words. It is hearing words, understanding their context, processing them and reacting or offering

Human Factors in Cockpit Design Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Factors in Cockpit Design - Term Paper Example They get involved in behavioral/cognitive task-analysis, time analysis for assessment of various task demands, computer modeling for reach analysis and assessing the complexities of the task involved. It stems from the color selection to environmental considerations for the error free operations by pilot. It is essential that critical information is presented in the pilots field of view so that his potential energies are focused on the critical task. Information presented should be easy to interpret and presented in the way to avoid cluttering. The Head-Down-Display (HDD) and the Head-Up-Display (HUD) are the systems, which are capable of satisfying these needs. Advanced technological research tools like simulators are capable of giving a great insight in studying man-machine interaction to make travel safe and less burdensome for pilots. The journey is endless and it will continue to pose new challenges depending upon the complexities that will come on the way. Cockpit designing wil l also be impacted from the other technologies too and may culminate into totally a different shape and style not imagined by anybody so far. The purpose of any designers task while addressing Human Factor issue is to see the aspects of safety, ease of operation, and which is easy to learn. Good design promotes efficiency and consistency in task performance. That is the underlying principle on which cockpit designing is done. Cockpit is a compartment from where pilot controls the aircraft whether it is in air or on ground. The term is used to denote a place where pilot along with copilots are stationed with myriad of controls to navigate the aircraft. The cockpit contains various flight instruments and the controls to facilitate pilot navigation. The term is also sometimes used for the driver’s place in racing cars. Cockpit has a window which can be opened while the airplane is on the ground. Glass windows

Civil Rights Movement in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Civil Rights Movement in America - Essay Example When it did, he was careful not to lose support from southern politicians by enforcing overly-liberal policies (Patterson, 2001, p. 122-123). This Democratic lack of action was still apparent over thirty years later when President Clinton placed the onus for reform on individual Americans, calling for change in "our minds and our hearts," rather than expending federal funds and energy to bring about change (Klinkner, 1999, p. 27). As a result, government interest in reform has disintegrated while its efforts for populace control have grown "through increased spending on the military, police, prison building, and mechanisms for surveillance" (Giroux, 2004, p. 212). When the government has acted on civil rights, it has often been a pale or nonexistent effort. In the summer of 1997, Clinton formed him Presidential Initiative on Race as a think-tank on how to address race and racial inequality. Steven A. Holmes quoted panel member Thomas Kean in The New York Times as stating, "There is a timidity on this question [of race] We were not encouraged to be bold." (as cited in Klinkner, 1999, p. 26-27). Clinton showed his concern for reform in word, but not in deed. Similarly, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was formed following the passage of Title VIII to receive housing complaints, but was not given to authority to act on them. This allowed the government to "do something" about unfair housing without any real action (Judd, 1999, p. 136). In fact, according to Giroux, the overall effect of modern conservatism has been to silence "any discussion of race in mainstream national politics by insisting on colorblind public policy" (2 004, p. 179). There are several instances in which the federal government has specifically shirked its responsibility to remedy racial inequalities. This was very apparent during the Reagan administration, when the momentum of the Civil Rights Movement came "to a standstill" (Fairclough, 2001, p. 332). Rather than citing governmental intervention as a possible solution, Regan claimed that it had been a problem, and went on to denounce student busing and attempt to eliminate the Department of Education (Patterson, 2001, p. 171), successfully pulling federal government away from domestic issues that sorely needed attention. His administration further claimed that "big government handouts had corrupted black communities by creating generations of cheats characterized by laziness, drug addiction, sexual excess, and a general taste for criminality and violence" (Giroux, 2004, p. 189). Even the Democratic Clinton administration rolled back government responsibility with its budget compromise of 1997, in which Clinton cut Medicare and Medicaid and endorsed tax cuts that mainly benefited wealthy Americans. In this one act, Clinton had practically undone the reform created by Roosevelt's New Deal (Klinkner, 1999, p. 11). Presidential administrations, however, have not been alone in turning their backs on racial equality; the judicial branch, since its rightward drift beginning with Nixon's presidency, has also negated the government's role in domestic