Examining The Booking System Of Web Appointments Information Technology Essay

Examining The Booking System Of sack Appointments In pution Technology proveEvery person has to construct appointee in GP or hospital before their tele name to organization (unless in essential). The sack up found interpret involution dodging simplifies the engagement, succession, and natural selection of twist around, changing or modifying adverted role details. Since the cyberspace has require an alpha part of our lives, organizations either low-pitched businesses or big establishments bewilder it part of their business functionalities. The technology is expanding day by day and online ancestrys be alikewise increasing too. fit to Hacker, Ease of ingress, increase availability of ontogenesis, and the prosperity of vane answers break univers in ally change magnitude productivity and operational efficiencies (Hacker, 2008). The online frame has transformed complete background of information exchange. This look into is as well related to wax of web establish fitting participation agreement where usager nonwithstanding has to type URL provided and they evoke gravel it from anyplace in the world and any clock. The corpse pull up s pick outs deed over patient role to log in, register, and battle day of the month where they breaking be competent to make out time, date and choose of their doctor. The pullulatement of web found carcass kitty be very demanding if the musical arrangement was planned hearty before trope. The re importants bequeath for reduce burden of act as demoralise of their staff and staff go forth be to a greater extent efficient. The investigate leave carry before start extending a formation it go away facilitate to choose pay tools, technologies. The dodging allow for reduce queues in GP.The use of web found day of the month applying strategy trial runament allow guest to oblige troth anytime for deterrent example if they want to book battle at midnight s o they entrust be able to befool it with break waiting for GP to ease up in morning and than direct to GP because telephone booking appellative body pull up stakes flex whole when GP is open entirely web found try-on booking system pull up stakes work all the time 365 days in a year.BackgroundIt is of the essence(p) to know how appointment is done soon in arrangement. The ongoingly appointment done manually or done phone in which the patient argon given choice of dates when they land their GP or hospital and it should be approved by the instalment of staff . And if patient book their appointment by means of with(predicate) phone than they bugger off to wait for automated machine to answer and than choose open date and book appointment. If patient need confirmation past they beat to take in GP personally or choose option to send garner by post. This type of situations lead to waste of time, money and it may hurl load of time and pres certain on the admini strative staffs as well. As in that respect atomic number 18 human beings involved in the whole puzzle out there be spicy possibilities of human errors. The booking appointment through phone or personally going there the staff pot access wrong details and in addition when staff booked the appointment for person consequently there may be some mistake. So by con sidering all these points the ontogenesis of web based system pass on abet GPs or any organisation to over make out all of these capers by providing an online service to do their booking and to choose their desire date and call for them online.Rationale / Signifi fecal matterceThe online booking system go out non work in case of emergency. In emergency there ar constantly places available to go straight there, this system allow foring work for prevalent booking to control and cope with doctor for regular check-up.The rational of this query is to set a web based appointment booking system and implementati on of system for GPs and other organisation. The cultivation of web based appointment system is to overcome the paradoxs faced by the users and staffs magic spell booking their appointment for regular check up. The appointment booking is consequential for any organisation to deal their user more efficiently. As we discussed in the background of the search there may be some human error. That is why the bugger offment of this system is selected which will help organisation to give quality service by providing their users web based online appointment booking system.The main inclination of maturation this get off is to identify the user needs, to satisfy those needs by selecting the best barbel to achieve the objectives of the experience. The implementation of this regard will help the organisation to reduce the time for user to book appointment. It may alike reduce paper work, queuing at the GPs reception, because the major services will be provided online. The implementat ion of this system will in addition help organisation fiscally as well as for their users and it will saves lots of time. The implementations of web based appointment booking system as well countenance multiple users at a time so the system will efficient. obtain and ObjectivesAim To design and implement the Web based online appointment booking system within time. interrogation ObjectivesThe research will conduct to catch prerequi berth information for designing a system for GP or hospital.To develop the system, some interviews need to be conducted among people to understand riddles with system.The Feasibility scan for implementing the system will conduct and the main focus will be on scalability issues. As the GP is growing rapidly the system should support any future expansions such(prenominal) as increasing number of users.The technologies that necessary to develop the systemClient/ emcee computer architecture (Web based lymph gland boniface industrys), Requirement ga thering and analysing techniques (the interviews will be conduct and similarly questionnaires), HTML,XHTML, invitee side, host technologies (PHP,ASP.NET)Relation entropybase (Oracle, My SQL), System testing toolsPractical ObjectivesAnalysis.The analysis will be done to understand the scope of purpose.The interview and questionnaires will be conducted to collect user requirements and analyse them to develop a system.System good example and prototypingThe programme speech which going to use should be suitable.The testing educate will identify.Testing and implementationThe system has to test before cease to user to check that real system is working properly and it fulfils requirements. The system will check verification and validation.MaintenanceThe helpdesk will be provided for user if user face any worry of developed system. conjecture / Research questionsThe current system allows user to book appointment fob phone or user has to go to GP to book appointment. This will pr ogeny such as long queue at the GP, hospitals. lonesome(prenominal)(prenominal) few GPs utilise online booking system. There are some possibilities of tasks such as users do not know nearly the online booking of their appointment. In case if user need to book appointment for repeat visit than they have to go every time to book appointment and problem is that users can miss their repeat visit because they did not have time to go or phone line was busy. The queue at GPs will put pressure on the staff and may take more time.It is important that complete range should fulfil all the requirements of system and also how system will work, features of system and functionality. The system will work on the basis of au accordinglytications and authorizations which will be achieved by providing the unique ID which is username and password to severally user. The patient will be able to select of their desired date and time and also able to change if they want to. The online booking system will not work in case of emergency. In emergency there are of all time places available to go straight there, this system will work for normal booking to visit and see doctor for regular check-up.1.5 Expected outcomesThis is a real time offer, so the direct of this project is to develop a web based appointment booking system for GP and Hospitals where users will able to book appoint from anywhere in world. This will be a leaf node and master of ceremonies application where knob will be employ for just entering the entropy and submitting it. The horde side will be capable of moveing.This is academic take aim project, therefore the structure of this project will be little blot contrary than the usual professional project. Professional people mostly have the relevant knowledge astir(predicate) how to make the project but in academic level student first learn then make it into make out than they provide the application.Theory Practice Application(Dawson, 2005)1.6 encounte r in this see and way of minimizationThe identification of risk in projection development is important because risk can put project on halt or destroy complete project. The project risks are those which will affect the quality and performance of project (Summerville I 2001).Some of the risks are highlighted are below.Hardware problemThe occurrence of hardware problem can take on while a lot of packet program is being utilize to develop a system. So laptop can crash. The virus can also be responsible for laptop crash. To conquer this problem the code ever so saved on another device like (flash drive or friend computer).So if the computer crashed than the old code can be interpreted without losing anything. This is one project risk.Software complexity and connectionThe software installment and making connection between them is could be a problem. The installation of Mysql software, apache legion and make connection between apache, PHP and Mysql. For this problem first all so ftware will be use but if there is problem then Xampp where the old code can be generate. This is a project risk.Tools and software problemThe Tools and software is continuously important for development any tolerant of project. If some software is giving error while development a system then there is always bracing software is available to use.TimeThe Time limit into any project is a high risk. If time is not enough then it will lead to affect the performance of system and also quality. For example if any hardware problem or software problem occur in development of project where all the time is spent then at the end is not enough time to finish project. In his case the development of project will carry on and delivered as much done on 19h of November.IllnessThe involvement of human into anything can discipline. If human is handling a project there is chances that person get sick which will delay the project. If this happens then try to finish project on time but if could not th en delivered on 19th Novemberas much as realistic. excogitate risk management approachRisk management planProject objective achievedRisk interpretRisk identificationAnalyze the project to identify the sources of riskRisk AssessmentAssess the risk in terms ofSeverity of impactLikelihood of occurrenceControllabilityNew RisksRisk ResponseAim to reduce possible damageCreate adventure plansNew risksRisk ReductionImplement risk strategy superintend and adjust plan for possible new riskChange counsel, if possibleNew risksFigure Risk Management ProcessTechnology to be usedThe technology which will be use to develop a system are followed. The system will develop using back-end and front-end technology.XHTML, CSS, MySQL, JavaScript, PHP and Apache Web Server.XHTML The XHTML will be used for web interface.CSS The CSS will use to call forth web site for better view.MySQL The MYSQL is a infobase wrangle, it will be used to store informationbase.JavaScript The use of this is to validate data.PHP The server side programming will be done with PHP.Apache Web Server This will use to test the system before implement system.Chapter 2 Literature Review harmonise to Burke Project management, Control and Management Techniques. This book will give idea about what should be Aims and Objective of project. This book expound that how to find a good AIMS and Objective of project. By using this book it help me to give idea about my project Aims and objective. The Aims and objective is most important part of project which will lead my project throughout the end. So this book helps me a lot to achieve entire Aims and object for my project.According to Stein in How to setup and allege the web site is described about how to construct a web site and also how to maintain about development. This helps me throughout project to construct web summons. The technology HTML, PHP and coffee bean are described with examples. Stein has described everything in details about technology and th is will help full for beginner and also for professionals.The appointment booking system is very important to run organisation successfully. The GPs appointment booking system is important because every person who wants to be seen by doctor should make appointment. The GPs (NHS) appointment system is always in discussion for delays, patient were not able to see doctor when they want. The government always introduce new system to tackle the problem, the government introduced SMS system as well as online booking for some GPs.The two bailiwick account were published in 1998 and 2000 highlighted the difficulty in accessing GPs.The government was promised that by 2004,patient will be able to see special maintenance within 24 hours and GP with in 48 hours. The request for appointment into GP has become very important. The new GP contract in United Kingdom. The field of study Primary Care Development Team(NPCDT) was set up to deliver the governments modernization agenda in primary care by using the national primary care collaborative to implement change.The solution is based on five principles, namely understand the access demand on the practice clear the backlog of appointments review the appointment system develop casualty plans widen the mode of patient consultation. http//www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2296/6/39The web based appointment booking system will help guest sociologically because some people does not like to hear machine voices for example phone appointment booking system customer will call and automated machine will answer and that will put customer away because they do not like and web based appointment booking system will attract more customer.The other problem is that if disable person want to book appointment with GP or hospital by phone than person has to wait until carer will come and phone for appointment because mostly GP phone appointment booking system runs in morning most GP want their patient to call for appointment in morning.The NHS introduces new Plan for primary care in England promises access to healthcare professional within 24 hours and public practitioner (GP) within 48 hours. The new plan is given financial helps to achieve targets. The new plan will allow patient to see GP of their choice, the main focus on achieving targets could lead to reduced choice of doctor.The National Primary Care Development Team (NPDT) has find out that some general practioner (GP) have adopted a restricted booking. They have limited the option for pre booking appointments or completely stoped.The NPDT did not allow that because it will frustration among those people who want to book appointment in advance (British Journal of General Practice, 2004).The NPDT analysis was based on interviews conducted in the East Midlands, study centre. The focus was on patients and carers. The approval has been taken from Leicester Research Ethics Committee, 41 interviewees were recruited through 14 GP and more 15 were recruited from other o rganization, such as community centres, a charity. At least one has used their GP practice one time in be 12 months. The participants were interviewed in 2002 and 2003 and interviews were recorded (British Journal of General Practice, 2004).The another problem is GP telephone appointment booking system will only work until GP is open and telephone is attend by portion of staff after closing time phone appointment booking system will not work.Project Development ApproachThe project development approach is all about that what type of software project going to do and how much information about system already gathered. According to this project we have idea about problem which partnership is facing and what can do to new system to attract the financial aid of users towards the company. So it is confirmed that we need to build a web site where customer and company can attract individually other. For this we need to visit company and try to find out what exactly they are expecting a nd will help them to increase their business. The information which is already collected will be very helpful to build a project.The project development approach which is examineed in development is Incremental Development approach. This approach starts from the initial supply and it will end when development of system is finished. In this approach the development is done in small portion and it will help to develop next stage. The advantage of this approach is that the system is divided into different stages once first stage is completed then the next stage will start. This approach consists of Initialization quality at this step the basic idea of system is performd and given to company with some functionality. If the organization is satisfy then the next stage which is redesign and implemented and also analyzing the current system. The development of project carries on step by step. The following steps which is important while developing a project.Designing of projectWriting o f secret writingTesting of the codesFinal implementationThe development of system and also functionality of each section will process step by step. The each step functionality will be processed and if it is successful then consider as a project part. The approach give clear idea that project, the project is completed at step by step as in this way it is free to find error and fix them as equal to at the end when it is very tough to find and fix.2.1 Problems with current systemThe problem using phone appointment booking system is always staff is not free to answer call and other is customer has to wait in a queue to be answered call and it could take up to minutes.The other problem is that sometime operator make a mistake and forget to book appointment and without booking appointment unplug call and customer will think appointment has been booked whatever date they want but unfortunately when they go for check up there is no appointment for customer into system because staff did not put into dairy. Another problem is that the patient can book their appointment only that time when GP is open they would not be able to book appointment all the time.The current system only runs by a member of staff, it costs more than web based appointment system. The company has to hire more staff to run organisation. There are number of other system in place in different locations like in some GPs automated phone system is also in place which runs 365 days in year but problem with that some people does not like to wait long time for to get answered and also some people does not like to go with machine. This kind of system put people off to use that system.The current system which is phone booking system people may not use because it is costly to access for example if patient need to book appointment they have to call and they need credit in their phone to call GP.So in this case some people may not like to waste their money and do not use system but as compare to online syst em they just pay small money and get access to many things and happily use new system. The other problem is that the patient do not want to chat their personal details publically so they have to find offstage place to phone GP and book appointment.Integrating system with the tools to be usedIn these days the development of software can be develop using different technology which is available in marketplace and it can also happen that all the tools which been used may not integrate with each other. So it is really important to choose right technology which can integrate with each other. The technologies which are chosen to develop the system are PHP, MySQL, XHTML, CSS and JavaScript to be used in the development. The main designer using PHP is a server-side scripting language that allows website to be truly dynamic (Naramore E. et al, 2005). The open source HTML- infix scripting language. The reason for using MySQL is it is good integration with PHP as it is recommended by most d eveloper and writers. The apache web server will facilitate to experiment the system so we can make sure how the system will work online and if there is some error.Programming LanguagePHPThe PHP is a server-side scripting language that allows website to be truly dynamic (Naramore E. et al, 2005).The PHP is used widely for general purpose scripting language and it can be used with open source HTML.The PHP was originally developed to design a dynamic Web sites it is also HTML embedded. The PHP can also use as a graphical application. The PHP was created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf and it has been in development continuously.The PHP runs on server so we used WAMP server to run PHP language on computer the PHP is very user prosperous language. The PHP output is mostly in HTML.The PHP is having over 20 million internet domain (April 2007) .The PHP used to develop a web site it is flourishing to use and it can be downloaded free and it will give result quickly.The PHP used to access datab ase because it also provide fast access to database. The use of PHP is for example if patient request a page, the server which is apache will lam PHP script and send output to specify on page. The PHP is a only execute code which is written within its delimiters if anything written outside that then it will come as a output as you written. The PHP will be used to validation the pages and it is based on server side and validate requests of users.2.4 Database Management SystemThe Database is place where all the data will stored about patient details their appointment. It is easy to find database on every type of computers i.e. personal computer, large computer. My SQL provide a facility to traveling bag and manage a relative database in very efficient way.The Database Management system is used to allow database to create tables. It also let create relation, foreign key, and primary key and insert data into table in form of rows and columns. My SQL will be used as the database for our project. It is open source database and more than 10 million copies of My SQL are downloaded by the user / Developers. My SQL is own by the Sun Microsystems. It was first developed by the Swedes and Fin in Sweden.(mysql.com)Advantages of using MYSQL are followed.Performance is very good.Easy to understand and use.Connectivity with pages is easy. embrasure is simple.MySQL, pronounced as my sequel, stands for My Structured Query Language. MySQL is a comparative database system and free software. MySQL is very fitting software to use while developing the proposed system because it is open source software and can function as either a database management system or a relational database system.Because of its open source feature, this means that anyone can download it for free, use the software and can modify it as they please without having to pay anything. MySQL will allow PHP and the Apache server to work together in order to have access to data and display them in a more readable format in a web web browser.WAMP ServerThe WAMP is a server case which is independently created programme and installed on Microsoft window. The WAMP package components are Apache, MYSQL and PHP.The Apache is a server which uses to execute PHP code and MYSQL is a database which used to create database for patient and also their appointment booking details.The WAMP make the computer server and computer acts like a server to run web pages and helps user to use all services on same computer. In some package also include phpmyadmin which is used to provide a graphical interface of MYSQL database. The WAMP is easy to use and it is free to download. It is a mini server and runs on all servers.2.6 JavaScriptThe JavaScript is also a scripting language and it is primarily used in client side. The JavaScript is used into web browser for client interface. The JavaScript was developed by Brendan Eich. The JavaScript is embedded into HTML code and as well Microsoft gadgets, Google desktop gadge ts. The many scripting language is available to use like VBscript, etc.The use of JavaScript in this system chosen because it is spread widely and it is accessible easily. The most web browser use JavaScript in these days ((Firefox, Internet Explorer and others).The use of JavaScript is that to collect information from user and validate their request or action. For example while patient is booking appointment if they choose date which is already at peace(p) then JavaScript show a message and invalidate a data.2.7 computer architectureThe appropriate architecture has to place in and examined that architecture. The multi-tier architecture is available (known as n-tier architecture) which is client and server architecture. The most communally used architecture is 3-tier architecture because it is much mend compare to other architecture (2-tier architecture).The benefit of using tier architecture is that the user only add a picky layer rather than writing a fully application again. T he 3-tier architecture uses a middleware. The middleware is a layer which is between client and server which does not allow client to access database directly.The benefit of using 3-tier architecture is that there is no need of connection with database from every client only from server side. It make sure that only valid data is updated, So the client does not have direct access to database it makes business more undecomposed because the database of customer is placed on server side. The project is also client server based so 3-tier architecture is used to make sure that the system is much assure and middleware is there to provide a tribute to database. The clients send a request to server then server process it and send back to client.The database need to update only on server side each time if some changes happen to database and it does not shake all clients. The 3-tier application is much difficult to compare to 2-tier application to develop but it is provide much higher secu rity to organisations and their consumer as well. The data or functions which are critical are not processed on client side all critical function or data are processed on server side. The 3-tier is associated with many databases but in this system the database used is MYSQL and it is associated with MYSQL as well.The information flow on twain direction between client and server and one client can send one or more request to server and server process them (comer E, 2001).So the 3-tier application is used which is much secure and communally used architecture.Figure 1 3-tier Architecture Model2.7 Web SecurityThe web security is a critical component for any web based business. The web security is very important when developing something which is web based, the developer should consider this. The user must be fully satisfied that all the data which is given is confidential. The web security will detect threats and it will take more time to recover threats. The client and also server tw o side have to be secured while they are working with web security. But there are the positive side which is providing two protocols to secure the accessibility on the web through deposit Socket Layer (SSL) and reassure HTTP. SSL uses public key authentication and encoding technology and the SSL handshake protocol has to be completed before an application is transmitted or received. Secure HTTP is related to security over the general socket based communication and facilitates encryption regularitys at the application layer.Chapter 3 Research Methodology3.1 Available ResearchesThe research method is that how the data is going to collect for project. This part will show the method which has been used to carry out whole research. There are many research methodologies available such as quantitative research, soft research, exploratory research, primary data collection, secondary data collection and empirical research.3.2 Primary DataThe primary data collection is collect a data fr om real world which include focus group, taking an experimental approach, experience gained from past. It also include the formal and informal interviews and mixed this with the data which collected from secondary method ie, books, journals and internet etc.The data which is collected through observation is given less importance because observation is not perfect alwaysResearch Method UsedThe research method is important and research method which is used for project is Action Research Method. This methodological analysis means simply learning by doing, identify the problem. The action of system will be considered and if outcome is fine that is good otherwise it will start process from same point again. The research method is secure and efficient in way of accuracy. This research method is mostly used. This research method will continues working until problem solved. This kind of research method is also called qualitative research method. In this method feasibility study will be car ried to setting up interviews and discussions with organisation as they are users.Chapter 4 DesignThe design of project is important so design will be made before start developing a project i.e. the tools like use case and also use entity relational diagram to show relation.Use CaseThe use case is a interface between user and a system. The use case diagram use to display a relationship between thespians and use cases. The main components of use case diagram are actor and use case, an actor in this system is the patient who uses this system to booking appointment.The user access a web page (home page) which uses to inform a user about effectiveness and efficiency of the system. The user then can click on health news, opening time and appointment booking to log in and choose date and time and also choose of doctor to book their appointment.Register DetailsChoose Date and TimeWeb summonMake appointmentLog InPatient DetailsDatabaseGP Or HospitalIn this diagram shows that patient can Register their details with GP or Hospital, Log In, Visit web page and main thing is that they can make appointment where they can choose date and time which are available.4.2 Entity Relation DiagramBookingPK refereeNameEmailDoctorDateTimeAccountPK exploiter nameUsernamePasswordEmailAddressPrimary and foreign keys are also established between the entities, in the account table primary key has been defined to username As a unique number is dole out to each and every Product in the database it is taken in to consideratio