A Summary Of Online Bookstore Information Technology Essay

A Summary Of Online Bookstore Information Technology Essay 1. Introduction Operators now have well-developed network almost everywhere can be very smooth online, online shopping has to be rather mature late, looking ahead, more people in Taiwan use the Yahoo auction weighing is the case. With online shopping related to the topic as a theme, and then with PHP, MYSQL, and the future of software DataBase, etc. implement this project, coming to understand how to use and a complete framework for real on the network can allow buyers to secure online shopping platform. Because almost all hand touching computer-related products, so we mainly computer peripherals by auction, if other items to the auction is also possible. Keywords: online shopping, yahoo auction, computer products. Introduction topic This project is an online shopping site. Site content for online textbook system that allows ordinary users to conveniently at home, use the Internet features, easy to find books you want. Apply for membership of the way through, so shoppers can use the web site functionality. The background management system, using MYSQL as a database system to provide managers with a convenient and fast interface, so that managers use the Internet to Zhu, anywhere can easily handle all the information. Shoppers can also manage all the information. Make management more convenient and personalized. We use PHP as a basis for website design, writing not only to facilitate, together with the beautification of CSS syntax correction, showing a more convenient web browser interface consistent with human nature. And to the only transaction mode soft bookstore, information flow, logistics as the base to simulate the process of information out and sharing out the process. Below will have a system implementati on process, the design process to do some narrative. Motivation Recent, the internet boom, has become a hot topic of emerging business patterns have shine, such as: online auctions, electronic marketplace, online store, online information providers and enterprises of the electronic information exchange and so on. We see all kinds of e-commerce web shopping sites, selling various goods. As long as members join, they can search to find products they want and so on. Environmental development is maturing even easier than ever before we can establish their own e-commerce system for small. In order to clarify the issue of this study hope that the customer purchase process from the basic value and technology perspective followed to managers logistics, money flow, information flow and so on, to create a shop site, simulated electronic commerce online shop process and gain valuable experience from Thematic Objectives Learn how to make a more complete e-commerce. A back-end management system with online shopping site. Subdivided into: A. Users, the known members of areas: Customers connected to the Internet shopping site, log in as a member after the goods on the site the next one. B. Shops area, also known as the management of: The department responsible for online sales orders from customers under. Books of the add and the shelf. Member information changes. 2. A Summary of online bookstore 2.1 Introduction Bookstore definition of nothing more than display, retail point of sale of published material, in addition to sale of specific commodities, no different from other sales channels, from this point of view, the basic functions of Internet bookstores as well, but online bookstore is another type of publication publicity or sales channels, or even complementary traditional stores. The so-called Internet bookstores In addition to the general e-commerce functions, should also include several of the following services: A. Collection of the best Feng Because the traditional bookstore outlets, whether or storage space is limited, often under pressure to cost only the best-selling book called for the sale of the main, for the special needs of readers or a more popular books are unable to take into account. But digital technology has brought the solution to this troubled approach to current technology, only very little space to store large amounts of data and be able to quickly find the information they need, but also long-term preservation, changes also very easy, of course, books can provide readers with a variety of consulting needs. B. Facilitate the retrieval ÂÂ  In traditional bookstores to find a book, in addition to the store to see whether the proper classification of furnishings, the staff sometimes had to humbly trouble to help, even worse is that often or can not find. And this is what you know to find the book when it is occurring, if you only want to find some information in accordance with, Zhu will be lost in the vast sea of books in the. However, digital information is different. Unlike traditional methods, the book is the biggest advantage of the information it can use indexed files, to facilitate the inquiry. If you do not need to know the complete information, just enter keywords or part of the message, you can quickly find the information they need. Online bookstores and book sales are not confined to best-selling book, even if the physical channel has shelves of books, but also sales space. Many office workers do not have time to buy books through online bookstores to save time not only costs, but also through accura te bibliographic management, to find books on derivatives, which is when the person to physical bookstores, never fun and experience. C. Book presentation and reading test Books is not necessarily an impulse purchase of goods, people, for most of the books, unless the original request that had come to buy a particular book, most of the time to buy books to keep it afloat as a leisure activity , in the first reading in the bookstore, and then, as the case to buy, therefore, provide a complete online bookstore is part of the book describes the trial and read, is very important for the reader, and is the best each book, rather than only for specific marketing books. Since the July 1995 establishment of the Amazon bookstore, Zhu stated on the page on the Internet to establish an additional customer-oriented bookstore, customers roam online, and to provide the most diverse Select Since then, the business can be online bookstore and other online retailers, like, gradually enter the stage of development of electronic commerce. Development since 1995, some gone through four stages: The first stage: 1995 to 1997, during the networks new focus on stress and facilitate The second stage: 1998 ~ 1999, Internet commerce is becoming intense competition, consumers and businesses are turning their attention to pricing competition; but since late 1999, feeling faint and sensitive industry alone has enough affordable to convince consumers The third stage: 2000 to 2004, the price is still considered one of the factors, but emphasizes the scope of consumer goods like color extended to cover the provision of quality assurance, online trading conditions, and other service delivery so that the full range of shopping experiences. The Four stage: 2004 to the present, to network security, payment convenience, variety and complete articles, the online bookstore branched out into 3C, beauty, variety of cultural activities as an extension of the portal has grown into a trend of transformation. If the above criteria to measure the online bookstore in Taiwans development can be said to have entered the fourth stage. 2.2 Web publishing and publishing entities Why e-books will become a stepping stone to sell? First, consumers demand, followed by the unit price is low, reducing the consumer for the first time the threshold in online shopping. Book delivery is almost afraid of collision fragments, and not a date. Indeed for these early network environment. As the physical book sales in the network always have delivery problems, and network contrary to the virtual properties. Zhu did not book profits high, profits are a large number of logistics costs by erosion, the operators are trying to come up measures 3. Happy Publishing Limited overview 3.1 Introduction Happy Computer Books Square began in Jan. 1990. At that time the information industry has grown to considerable size, access hardware industry is very developed, in contrast, introduces all kinds of computer related software and knowledge of books Zhu was the more difficult to obtain; computer and information rapidly and to a wide range of consumers is the lack of computer know professionals to recommend around enough to meet their needs of the tool. Happy bookstore founder, originally set up in the regional fiber optic network project has reached ten years, not only proficient in computer experts in the field, while work experience is also deeply appreciate the difficulties of information transfer with the computer industry is how much pain . Then choose a younger consumer group is full of Feng Chia shopping district, the creation of a wide area of 150 square feet large computer book store. 20 employees in the up and down the concerted efforts of the industry for the computer, near the students, and consumers, provides a computer information paradise. Computer and information with each passing day, up with the times than the consumers needs, but also to understand what kind of information books is the consumers want. Relatively speaking, a general comprehensive book focuses on the extensive degree of commodity demand, but also can not put the focus on specific types of books, causing the consumer only in the vast sea of books, alone Ru needle in a haystack looking like they want to to information. The happy bookstore chosen to meet the markets pulse at any time to provide the fastest, latest and greatest computer professional books. ÂÂ  Happy bookstore in accordance with product attributes, the different uses of the books were classified in a specific area, including a computer professional books, peripheral consumption only, game software, import text books, early childhood CDs, commercial package, original software, magazines, periodicals, etc. projects, and consumers enter the gate, to know immediately where to find products they want. Staff also stands ready to provide customers with advice to help them find their own needs. At the same time also equipped with computers check store bibliographic system is one of the major consumers find the necessary tool. Happy Computer Books bookstore in Providence Square, a large school district now has a home of small stores, mainly services, mainly teachers and students. Again this year to set up a wide area of up to more than 30,000 feet, twice as big as the computer shop book store,. The next seven years is expected to integrate logistics happy bookstore, open to join, while setting up branches in the province. Later, with the popularization of computer technology concepts and implementation of intellectual property, as well as other Chinese mainland market demand for professional computer books is certainly very impressive, fun book will be set up office in Hong Kong, formally tentacles extend beyond Hong Kong. 3.2 Organizational Chart Fig 1 Organizational Chart 3.3 The responsibilities of various departments Into (sales), (management) two large systems, a number of departments under it has broken down. Sales department: is divided into campus stores and general stores, and online sales 1. Campus outlets: Currently in the Providence campus of the only soft Books store 2. The general store: the way of the main store Fuxing Campus stores and general stores was no significant difference between the business, are responsible for the following services: (1) the sale of books and stationery. (2) single or more or a lot of the books ordered. (3) selling and ordering a variety of business software (4) daily turnover of goods with the United States and Japan sell the variety, quantity to facilitate the management, control accounting information. 3. Online Sales: (1) Member of the orders dealing with the daily (2) and the accounting department recorded check orders (3) Contact the logistics industry, will be expected to send the shipment of goods. Management: into administration, Information Division, joined the department. 1. Administration Department: Subdivision for the Ministry of Personnel and the Department of Accounting and Warehousing (1) Ministry of Personnel: management departments of personnel information, including salary, incentive. (2) Department of Accounting and Storage: a. daily and monthly profit and loss statistics. b. Admission records of all departmental expenditure. c. payment of salaries. d. pay the vendor. e. goods warehouse management. Section 2 : Analysis Design Doc Section 3 Implementation Testing Doc 3.1 Member subsystem 1. Merits (1) with a different login interface can also determine a member or administrator (2) The registered member can enjoy different from the visitors permission (3) members clearly understand the interface easy click, more comfortable to use (4) After registration, then you fill in the data backup of a registered mail sent to you in order for members to check 2. Drawback (1) interface is not enough human (2) Member of the functional mechanism of a number of further increased 3.2 shopping cart system 1. Merits (1) to provide customers with online orders, so no need to store customer orders and provide customers can ATM transfers, bank transfer, cash on delivery with the number of options, there are shopping records for customers who know what items to buy 2. Drawback (2) can not buy things from a customer in that customers preferences 3.3 The message board system 1. Merits (1) interface simplicity, convenience or general visitors member (2) the name and E-mial crawl directly from the database, can not be forged identity 2. Drawback (1) can not withstand malicious wash version 3.4 Books Subsystem 1. Merits (1) books category allows the user to clearly see the kinds of books they want, where you can easily click the check book. (2) Book About a glance, no doubt. (3) new book area also allows users to see what new books this month in New to the store to buy. (3) search system is simple and neat, easy to use. 2. Drawback (1) can not let administrators add categories, if not can only be grouped within the category of other. 3.5 Subsystem Manager 1. Merits (1) Notice system is simple, does not require redundant operation. (2) function administrators use the form to separate clear and understandable. 2. Drawback (1) too easy to change the membership of the password should be more limited. 3.6 Storage Subsystem 1. Merits (1) search using ISBN code, enabling administrators to reduce the importation of the time and cost. (2) the original data will first appear on the screen, the administrator can clearly understand their need to edit the information. (3) basic information on books in the list, just press a button and you can clearly see the details of the book. (4) Customers can easily fill in the information, managers can also be easy to view or delete the record. 2. Drawback (1) some projects were not paged, it could lead to difficulties in view. (2) net income on the inquiry ISBN system, and not all of the books and there, some need manual Key in, somewhat inconvenient for 3.7 Future Prospects In the future, perhaps it can be applied to different areas, electronic stores, renting web . But security is the need to strengthen it! Also hopes its flaws can be reinforced up to build a very good system for the community do use. While speaking of a site has been completed, but think about it there are still places to improve, to strengthen and make The perfect amount to do in the test part of art, although speaking is the art of rendering wise to see jen see, but Most still want to accept the recommendations of future improvement as an access to a site and immediately face the future is as Feel the impact, if one looks so causes inconvenience to people to attract, Order people want to imagine what motivation is, that this site Already in the hearts of visitors to occupy a certain position, make him want to continue to watch; there is the site of Paul Care, to be speaking to hundred percent safety, it is very difficult, but the security of a website can do more than complete The protection of the best, if members who have joined the site we do not protect data being stolen while people Is a site license would become disturbed. Visual part of the goods, there is on course to multimedia integration, teachers ha ve talked about both the future network will 3D display is in the form of the future, as now we have only one auction items to the angle you view the pictures Look, if it is 3D graphics, using some browsers and software to meet so that goods can be rotated. Have some people buy a lot of importance both appearance and function, and now we auction a NB to him, if there is order Feature is not appearance, and now he saw the direction we have a single picture is not accurate, if our image can to function with 3D graphics can be rotated to match members to select shopping, I would want to buy more! More discussions with the Bank whether to open a write-off for our account, as long as I can find members of remittances into our web site management can learn, so our work can also be more convenient good. FLASH middle part, not necessarily to be placed in our introduction, you can put some vendors FLASH, such as this could put the future of advertising companies, they can promote, we can charge.

Multiple Objects Tracking Via Collaborative Background Subtraction Computer Science Essay

Multiple Objects Tracking Via Collaborative Background Subtraction Computer Science Essay Multiple Objects Tracking Via Collaborative Background Subtraction. Object tracking system is a group of integrated modern technology working together to achieve certain of purpose like monitoring, tracking moving object such as vehicle. The main purpose of the object tracking is to achieve monitoring purpose such surveillance in restricted area, providing information about moving vehicle located at road to Intelligent Traffic System and traffic monitoring. This project discusses the development of the object tracking system and the idea of this system is based on vision system available on current market. For this object tracking system, user can monitor and track moving object such as vehicle where the vision system been placed. Software MATLAB is used to program algorithm like detecting and tracking moving object where the vision system is placed and display moving object image for user. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE DECLARATION i ABSTRACT ii ABSTRAK iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURE viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix LIST OF TABLES Table No. Description Page Table 4.1: Summarize of three experiment conduct previously. 17 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1: Example of Median Filtering, value of current pixel will replaced using new median value 5 Figure 2.2: Normal presentation of a straight line 7 Figure 3.1: Relationship between webcam, MATLAB and GUI 11 Figure 3.2: Flow of work for vehicle tracking system 12 Figure 4.1: Logitech Quickcam Pro 4000 Image 14 Figure 4.2: Image captured for YCbCr return color space 15 Figure 4.3: Image captured for grayscale return color space 16 Figure 4.4: Image captured for grayscale return color space 17 Figure 5.1: Example of frame differencing 23 Figure 5.2: Memory of cache been flush 24 Figure 5.3: GUI window layout design 25 Figure 6.1: Display figure when there is no moving object 28 Figure 6.2: Moving curtain cause by wind 28 Figure 6.3: Moving stand fan motion. Frame start from up to bottom and left to right. 31 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CCD Charge-couple Device FPS Frames per Second GUI Graphical User Interface ID Identification Number USB Universal Serial Bus VGA Video Graphics Array CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview Object tracking system is defined as a real time vision system which is capable to perform desired surveillance task without human supervision (Nguyen, K. et al., 2002). Besides that, object tracking system is able to detect object which is moving in street such as vehicles or pedestrian without human assistance. Furthermore, an object tracking system may also send amount of vehicle which is moving in desire area to assist data collection for Intelligent Transportation System (R. Reulke et al., 2002). This tracking system may also have the abilities to resist with environmental changes such as shadow of surrounding building or even slow moving vehicles. Therefore, a quick response for vision fields such as real time street monitoring system which are able to perform moving object detection. In this project, the main purpose is to design an object detection mechanism for an object tracking system, from connecting a vision system to a computer. The target is to build an applicable obje ct tracking system. Object tracking system can distinguish between static background and moving objects by itself and able to display and tracking moving objects if any moving objects detected. Hence, it allow us to monitor a heavy load street which having high volume of usage. Furthermore, it can contribute data collection if those areas contain Intelligent Traffic System which can reduce time of waiting for vehicle located at traffic light. Since year 2000, plenty of fast response time or accurate object detection algorithm had been release such as background subtraction, mean shift, Kalmen filter, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, Kernel Density and others. Object Tracking System consists of two major systems which are vision system and moving object detection and tracking software system. The vision system is responsible to export video stream captured and send to tracking system. Meanwhile, the tracking system is to let user monitor and been inform if moving object detected. In this project, object tracking system will be design and developed to ensure it is capable to detect and tracking moving object such as vehicles moving in street. Due to this, it could not effectively detect fast moving object, surrounding light intensity is too low or shadow of building. As a result, the detection algorithm should fast enough to process each frame coming from vision system and can able to encounter problem stated before such as shadow surrounding and slow responding time by tracking system. Problem Statement The current real time object tracking systems developed usually cannot eliminate having slow respond during tracking object which will limit the robustness of object tracking. Hence, the algorithm that able to having less computation time is necessary to be developed. Background subtraction at the initial detection will save computation time for faster response to detect an object in real time. To obtain more accurate tracking result, a more precise detection and tracking algorithm will be carried out. It is believe to track the moving object using this algorithm will taking less time and providing more accurate result. Objective The aim of this project is to detect multiple moving objects through real time vision system. This projects aim can be realized by accomplishing the following sub-objectives. To study and identify practical parameters to track a moving object. To implement background subtraction for real time detection purpose. To enhance the developed algorithm for continuous tracking purpose. To ascertain and enhance performance of develop background subtraction based tracking system. 1.4 Scope of Work The main scope of this project is to build an object tracking system capable of detect and track moving object. The object tracking system includes a vision system and an image processing system. The image processing system will able to detect moving objects and tracking it continuously. MATLAB control m-file will be acts as core of the object tracking system, it will be use as detect and track moving vehicle in video supply by vision system. The vehicle tracking system will display in GUI window. Vision system will be use as a supplier to supply tracking system that video capture in desire area. This system should be small enough so that it can be easily set up or take away. Organization of the Report This report includes seven chapters, each chapter is properly divided and plan. Vision system and object tracking system will be discussed in each chapter. Chapter 2 discussed about review of object tracking and detecting method available nowadays. Chapter 3 explains about flow of work require for this tracking system, parameter require during tracking system is running, input and output prediction and concept how to build this tracking system using vision system available in market. Chapter 4 explains hardware and software setup before this tracking system was starting to run. This is to ensure vision system will supply appropriate video require for tracking system and MATLAB will provide suitable arrangement such as memory to process the video supply by vision system. Chapter 5 discuss about algorithm using in this project that is background subtraction using frame difference. In this chapter, an M-file will be constructing and including function requires establishing the tracking system. The tracking system should able running using hardware and software setup preparing at previous chapter together with this M-file. Chapter 6 show image output and result obtain during this tracking system is running. Firstly it will show successful background subtraction and secondly it will show distortion of surrounding such as shadow of object. Chapter 7 will summarizes and concludes the report by stating the limitations of the project as well as the future work of the project. CHAPTER 2 review of object tracking and detecting method 2.1 Overview In this chapter, review of existing method to detect and track object will be discussed. Algorithm that suitable for detect and tracking also will be studied. Several algorithms will be review by student. 2.2 Median Filter Median Filter, use to reduce small noise in an image is a commonly used technique (Al-amri, S.S et al., 2010). According research by Boyle, small noise normally appears very distinct and its having quite different value in grayscale within its neighbor pixel values. By changing its gray value to the median of neighboring pixel value, the noise can be eliminating using this technique. Using example in Figure 2.1, the value of neighboring pixels are 115, 119, 120,123, 124,125,126,127 and 150. By calculating median value using these neighbor pixels, we can obtain median value is 124. Replacing pixels in centre using median value will eliminate the noise. Figure 2.1: Example of Median Filtering, value of current pixel will be replaced using new median value In order to obtain more accurate median value, we should increasing number of neighbor which involve in median value calculating. This technique will become more and more complex when dealing with bigger image. Besides that, computation cost and time require is relatively high because it needs to sort all value in neighbor. 2.3 Canny Edge Detector Canny introduce a well-known technique using edge detection (Neoh, H.S et al., 2005). This method requires few steps to track an object. Remove small noise using smooth a image Two gradient images are generated on both vertical and horizontal direction using one of the gradient operators based on previous image. Result denoted as Gx (m,n) and Gy(m,n) where m and n are pixel coordinate. Calculate edge magnitude and direction images from previous two images. Edge magnitude, M (m,n) = Edge direction, Threshold the edge magnitude image M (m, n). Set pixel to zero if their value below a predefined threshold. Reduce edge breadth by non-maxima operation on MT (m, n) the non-zero pixels in MT (m, n) are set to zero if their value are not greater than their neighbors along the direction indicate by. Result is threshold using two identical thresholds: T1 and T2 where T1 Edge with a magnitude less than T1 will be removed and those greater than T2 are detect as real edge. Edges with magnitude between T1 and T2 also detected as edges if they connect to an edge pixel. 2.4 Hough Transform This technique detects object whose shape can be parameterized in a Hough parameter space (Gurbuz, A.C. et al., 2008).These objects include polynomials, straight line, circle and etc. The peaks detected in Hough parameter space is used to describe the object space. An example, line segment can be described using a parametric notion: Where r is length of a normal from origin to this line and ÃŽÂ ¸ is orientation of r with respect to x-axis. ÃŽÂ ¸ Figure 2.2: Normal presentation of a straight line Using this normal presentation, we can transform the points on the line to curve in a Hough parameter space whose coordinates represent the normal length and orientation. Points which are on the line generate curves intersecting at a common point (r, ÃŽÂ ¸). 2.5 CamShift CamShift or Continuosly Adaptive Mean Shift track objects based their color. This technique was developed and detects an object using centre and size of the object in a given image (Ganoun, A. et al., 2006). Step of tracking an object is as follows: Set the size of search window. Initialize location of searching window. Location of centroid within search window based on the 0th and first moment been computed. Search window is centered at the centroid. Step three and step for is repeated until it has move for distance lee then a preset threshold. In order to use this technique, an identical color of object must be use. Hence, one object with complex color is not suitable for this technique. 2.6 Kalman Filter This algorithm is a state estimation based on feedback control mechanism (Donald, J.S. et al., 1998). This filter will predict the process state and then obtains feedback from the measurement. Equation for Kalman filter is divided to two groups: Time update equation. Measurement update equations Time update equation is used to predict current state and error covariance. Output of these equations is a state of prediction for next time step. In the other hands, the measurement update equations incorporate a new measurement into their prior prediction. Output of this is an improved estimation compared to other estimation. However, Kalman Filter cannot detect fast moving object such as moving vehicle in Highway, this is because changes in speed, acceleration can be dramatic during two consecutive frames. The Kalman filter is not fast enough to respond to constant and sudden changes of system rate. Hence, it is not suitable for detection purpose which require less computation time. 2.7 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a class of algorithm for sampling from probability distributions based on constructing a Markov Chain that has desired distribution as its equilibrium distribution. In order to construct a Markov chain Monte Carlo, it must contain three main stages (Jia, Y.Q. et al., 2009): Model Construction. Image is first pre-processed to retrieve its edge features. Models of roads and vehicle also been defined according for this method. Bayesian formulation. Since vehicle detection and segmentation problem is casted as Bayesian problem of finding a MAP solution, a corresponding formulations been defined. Prior probability and like hood of vehicles proposal are defined from which the form of the posterior probability is derived to evaluate different proposals. Detect a vehicle using MCMC. Construct a Markov chain to sample the proposal in the parameter space. Monte Carlo method with simulated annealing been used to search for the position and other related parameters that fixed actual vehicles most. 2.8 Background Subtraction In background subtraction, two image been captured in same location will be compared. Assume first image did not contain any moving object (empty background) and next image contain one moving object. Minus the second image with first image will contain moving object only since background of image been subtracted (Fukushima, H. et al., 1991). The image is read as array format in the image processing, which each pixels is represented by matrix coordinates (x,y). The intensity at position (x,y) is define by I (x,y). (4.1) From Equation 4.1 Where lc, Ib, Is are the contributions from the foreground objects and background objects respectively. In the image for the subtraction, the brightness is written as (4.2) The position adjustment between the two images is easily carried out by using the foreground objects. In order to obtain the foreground object, the first image is subtracted from the second one which contains the foreground object as show in Equation 4.2. CHAPTER 3 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 3.1 Introduction Method of how to detect and track object will discuss in this chapter. The vision system will capture video in a desire area and send that video to MATLAB for processing. The MATLAB will process data coming from vision system and performing tracking action. Figure below show the mechanism for vision system and MATLAB. The vision system includes webcam which can connect to a computer using USB. The MATLAB will get data from vision system and processing the data. After that, A GUI window will show moving object if moving object exist capture by vision system. Webcam MATLAB GUI Figure 3.1: Relationship between webcam, MATLAB and GUI MATLAB been chosen as platform for detecting and tracking due to it contain powerful toolbox which can use to synchronize with webcam and can produce a simple detect and track vehicle tracking program. Besides that, it also can produce a GUI window which is requiring for the tracking system. 3.2 Flow Chart of Work In this section, flow of work requires detecting and tracking moving object will be further discussed. Frame differencing will be using to subtract the background and obtain the masking of moving object. In order to obtain more accurate result, a more accurate algorithm will be use to track moving object. Input Video Frame from camera Pre-processing Store the current frame as background Subtract the next frame with background image Save into memory Update current frame as background Display moving object and track it continuously. Figure 3.2: Flow of work for object tracking system 3.3 Discussion In this chapter, draft and prototype of tracking system been discussed. In order to achieve this objective, the tracking system will be build based on conceptual design discussed previously. In the following chapter, pre-processing will be elaborated and method to connect webcam with MATLAB will be show. Preparation configuration also will discuss in details. CHAPTER 4 Hardware and Software Setup 4.1 Overview Hardware and software setup is defined as a preparation before a simulation is set up in either hardware (tools or instrument) or software (simulation program, programming language) by designer. A setup describes a system will be perfectly connecting between hardware and software to achieve certain mission. Engineer use a tools or instrument that either ready in market or design it according to their requirement. In other way, software such as scientific program also available in market, all that engineer need to do is fully utilize the program by design an efficient flow which can achieve their expectation. Engineer can develop a surveillance system and by using a mathematical modeling to analyze and obtain object which is moving from view of camera. In this chapter, hardware and software setup is carried out for the design of a street monitoring system. It includes the connecting webcam to MATLAB which will let MATLAB ready to get real time video recording from webcam, M-file coding which contain algorithm to extract background which is static from object (vehicles or pedestrians) which is moving. Lastly, is to show image which is moving after process of background subtraction been executed in form of GUI. 4.2 Tools and Software In this section, tools and software using along this project will be describe in details of how they contribute in this project. Tools using in this project is a webcam which can connect to computer via USB 2.0 connection, it can either capture a static picture or even recording a video which can be treat as real time recording device. Software using in this project is MATLAB R2009a. In MATLAB R2009a, toolbox which will be use to develop this street surveillance system is Image Acquisition Toolbox and Image Processing Toolbox. Image Acquisition Toolbox will be use to establish a real time recording from webcam and delivered to MATLAB. In other hands, Image Processing Toolbox will be use to process continuous frames capture which is stored in MATLAB and show moving object which is process by using background subtraction. 4.2.1 Webcam In this project, student will use Webcam which is product of Logitech with model Logitech Quick Cam Pro 4000. Figure 4.1: Logitech Quickcam Pro 4000 Image Source: Logitech Software Support (2010) Logitech Quick Cam Pro is a webcam that able to capture video in 640 x 480 resolutions and able to snapshot a picture with 1280 x 960 resolutions. Besides that, it also contains a build in microphone which able to record sounds around that webcam been located and activated. Video capture from this webcam is using advance VGA CCD sensor and up to 30 fps. (Logitech, 2004) In order to try different video input format, student tried several video input format available for this vision system such as YCbCr, grayscale and RGB. These three return color space been chosen due to vision system using at here, Logitech Quick Cam Pro 4000 only support these three return color space. Three experiments will be performing to choose the suitable return color space from YCbCr, grayscale and RGB. In each experiment, three cases will be using to test different light intensity towards an object (battery) that is low, normal and high. For low light intensity, surrounding of image captured should be dark enough. Normal light intensity test will be performing at inner space with medium light intensity and camera should not point toward a direction with strong light source such as sun or spotlight. In the last case, camera will be capture image in direction towards strong light source such as torchlight. These experiments will be tested using webcam connect to MATLAB and executing command codes. Summarize of three experiment will be included in Table 4.1. Experiment 1: Using YCbCr as video input format and display as figure. After webcam is connecting to MATLAB, code as below will be executing to perform the test. vid = videoinput(winvideo,1); set(vid,ReturnedColorSpace,YCbCr); preview(vid) From Figure 4.2(a), image obtained almost in dark due to low intensity of light surrounding object. Image can be seeing using human eyes in clear view for Figure 4.2(b). For last case, object still can consider as clear although white spot cause by strong light source located at upside of Figure 4.2(c). (a) (b) (c) Figure 4.2: Image captured for YCbCr return color space (a) Low light intensity (b) Normal light intensity (c) High light intensity From this experiment, this return color space is potential to be used in this project. It does not lose color property and only having small changes of color during in high light intensity situation. Experiment 2: Using grayscale as video input format and display as figure. To perform this experiment, previous video object should delete from MATLAB workspace and executing following code. vid = videoinput(winvideo,1); set(vid,ReturnedColorSpace,YCbCr); preview(vid) From both Figure 4.3(b) and Figure 4.3(c), we can see that color property of object only left color, that is black and white. Furthermore, Figure 4.3(c) does not have problem of overexpose. Same as previous, object hard to see in Figure 4.3(a). (a) (b) (c) Figure 4.3: Image captured for grayscale return color space (a) Low light intensity (b) Normal light intensity (c) High light intensity Although performance in handling high light intensity is better, this return color will not consider at this moment since color property of decrease that will limit the improvement of algorithm that may need color property. Experiment 3: Using RGB as video input format and display as figure. (Default returned color space in MATLAB) Since default setting for this webcam is RGB, after delete video object built in previous experiment, a new video input is create and preview directly. No return color space should be set. vid = videoinput(winvideo,1); preview(vid) It is not possible to capture image in dark environment at Figure 4.4(a). Figure 4.4(b) can represent each color of object with details. Furthermore, this return color space did not show problem of overexpose, as in Figure 4.4(c). (a) (b) (c) Figure 4.4: Image captured for grayscale return color space (a) Low light intensity (b) Normal light intensity (c) High light intensity From this experiment, it is clear to show that this return color is most suitable for this project among three return color space. It does not lose color property and yet can encounter overexpose problem. Table 4.1: Summarize of three experiments conduct previously. Property YCbCr Grayscale RGB Able to detect object in low light intensity No No No Color Returned Multi color Black and white Multi color Able to encounter overexpose Partially No Yes From Table 4.1, we can conclude RGB is the most suitable since from human visual view, grayscale return color space will lose its color characteristic since it will threshold the figure into black and white, we will unable to further recognize an object exist in frame of view due its unique characteristic such as color. YCbCr can be defined as a way to encode RGB information, thus using RGB will keep original characteristic remain unchanged. Using RGB, we still can develop other usage of it. Since return color space using is RGB, which is default in toolbox. We can ignore the set return color space in MATLAB coding during import the video input object. Initially, an object will be created to get input from webcam using following MATLAB command, obj = videoinput(winvideo,1) where 1 is ID number of camera input. After this MATLAB command is executed, an object named as obj will be store in workspace of MATLAB. In order to let the video input object continuously acquire the data, student has to instruct MATLAB by command as following: triggerconfig(obj, manual); set(obj, Tag, appTitle, FramesAcquiredFcnCount, 1, TimealrFcn, @locFrameCallback, TimerPeriod, 0.01); 4.2.2 MATLAB M-file Initially, we have to associate object (video input object) with figure in GUI of MATLAB, if it is already existed, we will use it or else create a new one. ud = get(obj, UserData); if ~isempty(ud) isstruct(ud) isfield(ud, figureHandles) ishandle(ud.figureHandles.hFigure) appdata.figureHandles = ud.figureHandles; figure(appdata.figureHandles.hFigure) else appdata.figureHandles = localCreateFigure(obj, appTitle); end An empty array with unset dimension and value will be used to store what the video input object needs in terms of application data. appdata.background = []; obj.UserData = appdata; Function named as imaqmotion which contain MATLAB command will be compile together and compile to ensure no error detect. In order to execute this function, user can create a video input object and executed it by named of function follow by name of video input object in bracket. 4.2.3 Error Catching in M-file To prevent MATLAB contain an existing video input object is running, a stop instruction will be included in M-fie. stop(obj) This is to ensure that only one new desire video input object will be use to perform the monitoring process. Besides that, MATLAB will show a warning if frame import from webcam takes too long returning. This warning can be skipped by using: warning off imaq:peekdata:tooManyFramesRequested MATLAB will stop responding and quit improperly if error that unpredicted occur during the process. Thus, we have catch the error and only pop out a warning message to indicate user that error been occur and MATLAB can stop the execution of function gracefully. catch error(MATLAB:imaqmotion:error, sprintf(IMAQMOTION is unable to run properly.n%s, lasterr)) end 4.3 Discussion In this chapter, student demonstrates how a MATLAB connect with webcam and import real time recording to MATLAB. Follow by preparing an environment where declared video input object will be store in workspace of MATLAB, where this object can be use to start the core of project, subtract object from static background. Steps mention before is to ensure user can executed several step in one simple instruction which is store in MATLAB M-file. In the next chapter, student will show how two consecutive frames being compare and spot which is not belong to previous frame (declare as background of frame) in same location of matrices will be show in MATLAB GUI. CHAPTER 5 BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION USING FRAME DIFFERENCE 5.1 Overview To achieve objective of this project, detect object which is moving from the view of vision system, we need develop a monitoring system which able to distinguish moving object and static background. This can be done using writing an algorithm using different language such as C programming, Open CV or MATLAB. In this chapter, background subtraction using frame difference will be implementing along this project to subtract the background. Background subtraction is a general method where as frame difference is a subset of background subtraction which compare the current frame with previous frame and any pixel not belongs to previous frame is consider as moving object. This method been chosen due to its simple operation and can reduce time require to process those frames import from vision system. Frame use as background will be store as array with constant array which contain information of pixel. This array will use as reference, in another, as a background of image which will be compared with next frame capture by vision system in variable of array. After two frames are being compared by using differencing method, object which consider as moving should be show in a window. Due to simple subtraction method, delay in video processing can be reduced. Those functions contain above ability will be include in M-file. Those instructions will be include in different function so that it can be executed according to flow of project. These include localFrameCallback (a function to update image display by video input object), localUpdateFig (function that update GUI window using latest data), localCreateFigure (function that create and initialize figure), localCreateBar (function that create and initialize bar display). 5.2 Initialize and Creating a Background Image This section is basically disc

Haiti :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Caribbean Islands are one of the most traveled to place in the world. One of these islands in the Caribbean Sea is the island of Hispano, which is both the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. This country has a recorded history of about 552 years. They also have special culture. The general facts, past history, and culture all effect the ways of this country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The country of Haiti is located in the Caribbean Sea, which is just south of the Gulf of Mexico. The Caribbean Sea is home to a lot of the world’s island. The capital is Port-au-Prince, which is located in the middle of the country right next to Golfe de la Gonave. The whole county is about 10,700 square miles. It contains an estimated 6,867,995 people, this is about 642 people per square mile. This is actually quite dense considering that the United States has about 76 people per square mile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The country of Haiti culture is very much like the French. In fact Haiti is the only Latin American country where the culture is French. The first language is French, but another common language that is spoken there is Creole. Many of the people speak Creole because the French settlers introduced it. Creole is a mix of French and the native language that was spoken on the island. Ninety-five percent of the people of Haiti come from an African decent. The religion consists of eighty percent Roman Catholic, sixteen percent Protestant, and ninety five percent Voodoo.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between the years of 1492 to the present day a lot of historical events have occurred. The first time the country of Haiti fell under European rule was when Christopher Columbus first set foot on it putting it under the rule of the Spanish. Then after, many revolts, in 1804 Haiti successfully became an independent country by passing a law stating its freedom. It was very much like when the United States of America declared its independence from Great Britain with the Declaration of Independence. From 1915-1934 US Marines occupied the country. This resulted in the population to go up which also made the country more dense. In 1949 the democratic rule was turned into a dictatorship. Then in 1991 there was the first elected chief brought into office. His name was Jean-Bertrand Aristide; he won 67% of the votes. Then his close friend and former Prime Minister Renà © Preval succeeded him in 1995.

Using Technology in Sports :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Using Technology in Sports The ball comes speeding over the net and slams down onto the face of the court landing just beyond the base line, the line running along the back of the court. I had called her winning point... "out." As I turned towards her, I could see the anger building in her eyes. We walked towards each other, and with only the net separating us, she began to confront me. She argued that, as she saw it, the ball was obviously in and that we should replay the point. I wanted this game as much as she did and we were both standing strong. I finally decided that there was no use in fighting. We had to resolve this argument between ourselves because there were no line judges to decide for us. We decided to replay the point and she won. I tried to convince myself that there would be times when a call would be questionable and that I should try not to point fingers. I still went home discouraged that night because I knew that the call I had made was fair. The next day I sleepily drifted in and out of my Ethics lecture, although, the teacher was able to catch my attention by an interesting question that he presented. What is morally correct? This got my mind going. I was bothered by the match the previous day and I began to question myself about my call. Was it morally correct or was I being partial to my own success? I reflected on that final call that I had made, the point that won the game. I was positive that I had made a fair call but a little hint of doubt kept ringing in my head. What if I had made a bad call? What if I saw the ball differently than everyone else? Questions like these continued to haunt me throughout the hour. One of my close friends, Sarah, noticed that something was bothering me. She asked me what was wrong, and I told her that I was upset about last night's match and was wishing that there was a way to tell for sure if the ball had been in or out. As soon as I had finished, an excited look washed over her fac e. Being a track star, she proceeded to tell me about a new technology that was being used for runners.

Visiting Mountain City :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Visiting Mountain City Mountain City, Tennessee, is my hometown. I have lived in this small town located in East Tennessee all my life. It has many attractions, shopping places, and great places to eat. Most people don’t realize what the town has to offer--everything from shopping in the downtown area to relaxing in one of the numerous parks. There are also several creeks and camping facilities for the outdoor man. This makes Mountain City a great place to go and forget about all your troubles. Mountain City was established in 1885; the town was first called Talyorsville. The town has grown tremendously since its establishment. Located about 45 miles from Johnson City, it’s a perfect place to visit for a day. The drive is only about an hour from E.T.S.U. Mountain City is also located about 30 miles from Boone, North Carolina, where skiing’s a major attraction. Since I have lived in Mountain City all my life, in my opinion, the fall season is the best time to go. The trees all around are full of color. This time of year is a perfect time to hike on one of the various trails, which will lead you deep into the Appalachian Mountains. Some of the trails lead to spectacular views of the town. The Deer Run Trail is a wonderful trail to hike in order to view the small town. The trail is about a mile long and very challenging. During the fall season, the weather seems warm during the day and cool throughout the night. I’d suggest taking some short sleeve shirts for the day and some long sleeved shirts for the chilly nights. If the outdoors does not interest you, then Mountain City offers several stores to shop at. Downtown Mountain City is packed full of little stores filled with all kinds of treasures. There’s a variety of stores and wide selection of items to choose from. Some stores located in the downtown area are the City Shoe Store, Cornet Furniture, Auto Zone, Downtown Antiques, Hidden Treasures Antiques, and for the young people, Corner Pocket Arcade. The downtown area is not the only place to shop. I learned from my visit that there is a Dollar Store, Family Dollar, Tumbleweed Western Wear, Family Book and Card, and a Stanley Knitting Mill Outlet store. Some of my favorite places to shop are the little booths set up along side of the road, that feature crafts and different selections of souvenirs.

Alzheimer’s Disease Research Paper Essay

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in elderly individuals. Currently, 4.5 million people in the United States approximately have Alzheimer’s disease. (Burns) Alzheimer’s disease presents the victim with a sharp decline in memory, language, visuospatial perception, executive functioning and decision-making. Because this disease is so harsh on people’s personality, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms are frequently present in Alzheimer’s disease. The impact Alzheimer’s disease has on health care is significant and estimated to cost $100 billion dollars per year and predicted to rise as it is a demand to find new medication and the number of Alzheimer’s disease individual rise. (Burns) There is medication available, however there is currently no cure, the medications that are given have symptoms that do not alter the negative progression of the disease. Alzheimer’s disease is defined as progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain’s nerve cells and neurons resulting in a loss of memory, thinking, language skills, and behavioral changes. (Burns) Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, behavioral disturbances, and difficulty performing daily activities. Alzheimer’s disease is currently the 6th leading cause of death in the United States and presently 4.5 million Americans are living with it. Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia in elder individuals. (Burns) Even though there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, the health care costs are extremely high, being just over 100 billion dollars per year. The hopefulness of the development of a cure or new therapies becomes more desperate every year for new advances in the future. (Burns) The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in every individual vary; the disease can be extremely severe and other times slightly mild. Because Alzheimer’s disease is progressive it advances as time goes on, it starts off as the individual becomes forgetful and looses a small amount of memory and continues to severe dementia and loosing memory completely. The cognitive dysfunction of a person with Alzheimer’s disease includes memory loss, language difficulties, and executive dysfunction, which consists of a loss of higher level planning and intellectual coordination skills. (Burns) The psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disturbances can be anything from depression and agitation to hallucinations. The psychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease can also be collectively termed as non-cognitive symptoms. (Burns) The general symptoms of memory loss is always the first symptom of a majority of the cases of Alzheimer’s disease. The gradual onset of memory loss has the same symptoms as normal aging, because ageing shows symptoms of some dementia as well, this can understandably become confusing to diagnose, and however Alzheimer’s disease is not a normal part of aging. (Burns) The onset of Alzheimer’s disease is sly and emerges with a mild loss of memory and continues on with difficulty in finding the right word to go along with sentences. A diagnoses occurs only when the symptoms interfere significantly with everyday life such as social and work functions. Personal and emotional changes within the individual are very common for people who have Alzheimer’s disease. Major depressive disorder occurs in 20-35% of cases, while anxiety reaches 15-25% of people who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. (Burns) Every 67 seconds someone in the United States develops Alzheimer’s disease. Women seem to get his the hardest with this disease. In a women’s 60’s, the estimated risk for developing Alzheimer’s is 1 in 6 and two thirds of Americans with Alzheimer’s disease are women. (Burns) Not only are women more likely to have Alzheimer’s, women are also more likely to be caregivers of those with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease leads to nerve cell death and tissue loss throughout the brain. Over time, the brain shrinks dramatically because of this, affecting nearly all of its functions, especially the memory. The cortex of the brain  shrivels up and damages areas involved in thinking, planning, and remembering. (Fackelmann) Shrinkage is especially threatening in the hippocampus, which is the area that forms new memories. The ventricles, which are the fluid-filled spaces within the brain, grow larger to fill in the places that have shriveled up. The tissue within an Alzheimer’s patient has fewer nerve cells and synapses than a healthy brain. Nerve cells and synapses are what carry messages throughout the brain they are crucial to the biological computations that make up perception and thought. The dead nerve cells contain tangles, which are made up of twisted strands of another protein. The small clumps can clock the synapse and can activate the immune system to trigger inflammation. (Fackelmann) The plaques and tangles spread throughout the cortex in a predictable pattern as Alzheimer’s disease progresses. The rate of the progression of the tangles and plaques within the brain varies significantly. (Fackelmann) People with Alzheimer’s disease live an average of 8 years, but some individuals can survive up to 20 years. In a severely advanced Alzheimer’s disease most of the cortex is severely damaged. (Fackelmann) This is where the brain had shrunk dramatically because of widespread cell death. In this stage, individuals lose their ability to communicate, recognize their family and loved ones, and to care for themselves in their daily activities. The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown, however researchers have linked several risk factors with Alzheimer’s disease such as an increasing age, family history, head injury (anti-inflammatory drugs have been associated as a reduction of risk), depression, hypertension, high cholesterol, low physical and cognitive activity, diabetes, diseases that cause mutations of chromosomes 1, 14, and 21, ApoE genotype, and individuals diagnosed with down syndrome eventually develops the neurological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. (Fackelmann) The genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease is a risk. The risk for the first degree of relatives of people with the disease is estimated at 10-40% higher than unrelated people. (Whalley) The fact that monozygotic twins (twins who share 100% of their genetic material) have a higher concordance rate than dizygotic twins indicates that there is a significant genetic  component to Alzheimer’s disease. (Whalley) Because of the risks stated above, researches suggest that environmental factors are also a contribution to the diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease. Environmental factors is confirmed by the fact that the strongest association is not true across all races; 50% of white patients with Alzheimer’s disease do not carry an e4 allele (ApoE genotype), which is a significant risk in getting Alzheimer’s disease. (Whalley) The cure for Alzheimer’s disease is uncertain and is mainly focused on therapeutic treatments that help some dementia and other symptoms associated with it. For clinical reasons, non-drug interventions should be used initially, especially if the symptoms are not causing stress or placing the individual at risk to themselves or to others. If non-drug remedial interventions have no effect, cholinesterase inhibitors are the conventional drug treatment of choice for Alzheimer’s disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors have a moderate beneficial symptoms associated with the drug. The drug modifies symptoms in the minority of people with Alzheimer’s disease because it is nicely tolerated in the majority of individuals. Memantine is a drug that is a glutamatergic antagonist that trials have found effective in individuals that have severe dementia, however it is restricted to those in clinical trials. Cholinesterare inhibitors and memantine are known to produce little identifiable improvements in the activities of daily life. Non-drug approaches are not effective in helping memory loss, even though there are therapeutic techniques that help retain memory and can offer support for people with mild dementia. Sources Burns, A. Alzheimer’s Disease. British Medical Journal, 338, 467-471. Retrieved June 2, 2014 Fackelmann, K. Forcasting Alzheimer’s Disease. Science News, 149, 312-313. Retrieved June 2, 2014 Whalley, L. Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease. British Medical Journal (clinical research edition), 1556. Retrieved June 2, 2014

Movie Journals

Journal 1 What’s cooking? Explain the representation of women and their roles in their families. Explain the role of the generational conflict. How does the setting design tell about the characters? The film What’s cooking? is about four different families all coming from different cultures, but focuses primarily on the women of each. We have a Jewish mother who is trying to accept the fact that her daughter is a homosexual and trying to eases the acceptance. Then we have the Nguyens, the mother follows the Vietnamese traditions really tightly and depends on her eldest son to help guide her young children.In the Avila family we see  Elizabeth, whose macho husband has left her for her cousin and has found consolation with a colleague. In the Williamses the wife is dealing with an infidelity from the husband as well as putting up with an annoying mother in law. These family problems show us that every women has the same problems no matter what ethnicity they are or cult ure. Throughout the film we see generational conflict. In the Williamses's family we see a conflict between the wife and the mother in law when they were arguing if the turkey was ready.The mother in law has different ways, â€Å"old styles† of cooking and preparing food, which causes them to bump heads. Also in the same family the father and son don’t see eye to eye in the son’s education. The son wants to go to Howard, an all black college. His father doesn’t want that for his son he tells him that he would rather like him to go to a University like UCSB and be part of the white patriarchal capitalistic society, but the son feels that it is more important for him to cope with his minority group. The visual designs used to portray the houses tell us a lot about the families.The Williamses house is the biggest out of all the homes. This shows that they are of a high socioeconomic class. When compared to the Nguyens we see that the Nguyens are of a lower s ocioeconomic class. We also see this when they are preparing the mash potatoes for the thanksgiving dinner. The Nguyens use their hands to mash the potatoes while the Williamses use a blender to mash it for them. The Nguyens are clinging to their Vietnamese traditions so tightly they haven't a clue how to listen to their children. The Seeligs house decor seems to be old school insinuating that they have lived in the neighborhood for a while.They seem to be conservative keeping their old traditions. We see this when the father doesn’t want his daughter to tell his relatives that she is a lesbian and has a girlfriend. Journal 2 Hairspray Explain how Tracy challenges the ideology of her time. Explain how she challenges the way women are perceived. Explain how color acts as a way of explaining the world of the film. Tracy challenges the ideology of her time in many different aspects. Tracy lives in the 60’s when society was dominated by a white patriarchal system. Segregat ion was still going on but it was on its last terms.Tracy challenges the system by questioning why the African Americans only danced one a month on Negro day and why they couldn’t dance along side with the white kids. Questioning the Jim Crow laws that were a big part of society at the time, which kept people segregated. She also challenges the patriarchal society when she confronts the police which are the repressive state apparatus and how they don’t allow integration. Tracy challenges the way women are perceived in films. In most films women are these skinny tall beautiful women who get what they want. In hairspray Tracy is the opposite of this norm that has been adapted for women.She is a short big girl who is in love with the most attractive guy at school. Who in reality has no chance with him what so ever. Despite all of this she makes him fall in love with her challenging the norms. Showing us that anything is possible to achieve and that the true character of a person is defined by inner qualities rather than outer ones like skin, color, dress size or hair style. The colors in the movie play an important role on how the movie is seen. We see that the Corny Collins show is in black and white showing us that it is an example of how close minded people where at that time in history.At the end when the Corny Collins show gets rid of the segregated dancing we see Queen Latifah wearing a bright golden clothing to symbolize that they have reached their ultimate goal, which is to finally be assimilated and accepted into society. Journal 3 The Birds Discuss The Birds through an analysis of the male gazes. How is Melanie Daniels power taken from her? why? When we analyze the film The Birds through the male gaze we see through the eyes of Mitch, or Mitch’s point of view as he seems to view her for her sexuality and aggressiveness.She seems to want Mitch to watch her and goes out of her way to be sure that he does. In another scene as she is h olding the lovebirds in the elevator she seems in some ways to be posing for the gentleman in the elevator with her. As she leaves the elevator her eyes seem to go to the side in a very cautious manner to see if the man is watching as she leaves the elevator. She seems to know the power and desire of her sexuality as we view her through the camera lens in the same way as one might view someone who is on display and want to be seen.This especially can be seen when Melanie’s has come on to Mitch in some highly suggestive manners and he tells her, â€Å"back in your gilded cage Melanie Daniels. † He seems to suggest that she in fact is too much for him to handle sexually and mentally, and the bird cages symbolizes that maybe Melanie sees herself as one of those love birds and seeks love, and freedom from her own cage in life. Melanie is seen as a woman of strength and grace who is not afraid to go after what she wants and does not care who knows it.She is also aggressive and daring, as well as independent which makes all of these things admirable to some men, but could also frighten some men. The film seems to follow the ideology of investigate and punish we see this when Melanie is stripped from her power for defying the patriarchal rules. Melanie’s power is taken away when she gets attacked by the birds. When she is getting attacked she is moaning in a sexual way as if she were getting raped by the birds. Symbolizing how she is being stripped from her aggressiveness and confidence. Showing us how vulnerable she really is.The final step that tells us that her power has been completely removed is when we see her red nails ruined. Mitch’s mom no longer sees her as a threat of taking Mitch away from her so she holds her trying to console her, approving of her. Journal 4 Sunset Boulevard Is Norma Desmond a sympathetic character in the film? Who has the most power in the film? In the film Sunset Boulevard Norma Desmond is seen as a sympath etic character towards the middle of the film when the audience notices that she is stuck in her past, living in a dream, â€Å"waiting for the cameras†.It is her egoistic attitude and her actions that make the audience feel bad and sympathize her. We can also sympathize when she cuts her wrist because Joe has gone out to work on the movie script with Betty and thinks he is cheating on her. She makes the audience feel bad for her. When she finds out that there will be no film she goes crazy in disbelief In the last scene we see a fade in of Norma’s face this causes her to look and seem crazy with the help of the lighting. This makes the audience feel somewhat compassionate and sympathy for her. It seems that Norma Desmond has the most power in the film.Sunset Boulevard being a film noir takes part of the castration complex. She is seen as a â€Å"predator† aggressive and waiting for its prey so she can attack it making her a femme fatales. We see this when she s ees Joe. She jumps all over him tries to buy him, making him want to stay. Joe being in the financial crisis that he was in made him vulnerable and susceptible to Norma’s control. Also in the film we see when she goes and buys Joe a suit, not knowing what to get the store owner tells him to get the expensive one that she is paying making him not be the provider. It is seen again when Joe goes to the pharmacy to buy Norma cigarettes.She hands him the money and Joe seems to be hesitant to take it. It seems that his male â€Å"provider† ego seems to not approve of the money given to him by Norma. It gets to a point that Joe actually starts to get use to the life he has. We can see Norma is in control over Joe because she takes away his life because he is living her. Making her have the power in the film. Journal 5 Out of the past Why is Jeff Bailey considered a classic film noir anti hero? Discuss the use of the male gaze in reference to the two central females, Kathie an d Ann. Jeff Bailey is seen as a classic film noir anti hero in Out of the past.An anti-hero is a protagonist that does not always make choices that audiences would make, or has different, more unsound motivations than a typical hero. He can be shown to make poor or unethical choices yet is still intended to get the sympathy of the audience. This adds a complexity to the films and challenges many of traditions of literature and cinema. This makes us question the character of this protagonist, and yet we are forced to follow and empathize with him, because he carries the story. Jeff perfectly fits into this category. When he has the flashback of when he goes to Mexico to go look for Kathie who has taken 40000 dollars.Kathie being a perfect example of a femme fatale seduces him and makes him fall in love with her. She does this so he doesn’t turn her in, messing with his job orders. At the end Jeff is killed by Kathie because he has ran away with her not following the norms that the audience would expect, sending a subliminal message on the consequences if one were to act in that manner. The male gaze is used in the film and we can see it in the two central female actresses Kathie and Ann. The way they are portrayed through the male gaze is very different. We see Ann as a non seductive woman, that has an angelic face.The clothes she wears are not revealing and leave room for imagination. While Kathie on the other hand is seen as a very seductive women that does whatever it takes to get what she wants. Also the lighting used for each actress is different. For Kathie at times we see she is in a dark background and we can’t see her face. Making her a mysterious, cynical character. While Ann on the other hand is always in the light and we see her face symbolizing innocence. The angles at which they are filmed are also a factor. When Kathie is being filmed we see that she is looking down at Jeff, making her look superior.With Ann she is always at eye lev el with Jeff. Journal 6 Is Run Lola, Run truly a feminist film or does the male gaze still apply to this film? The film Run Lola, Run follows the feminist film theory but still has some male gaze point of views. The lead female character in Run Lola Run, is the heroine. Lola comes to the rescue of her boyfriend Manni, which disrupts the popular model, norm of men portrayed as the heroes of society. This film is set in Berlin where Manni loses a small fortune of his mob-boss’s money and relies on Lola to save his life.She has twenty minutes to gather 100,000 and meet him at a designated location or Manni will be killed. Not only is Run Lola Run unique because the woman is the heroine, but also because it combines animation and hand held camera to create a variety of experiences through different types of shot. The literacy design is coupled with a limited dialogue and more action, the film goes against the norm of popular cinema. Lola shows the audience that she has the power to shape what is going on around her, throughout each round. During the course of the film we see the game theory in action, there are three realities that play out.Each segment concludes with a different outcome. The choices of the main characters, Lola, alter the ending. Lola proves to be a strong and compelling person through examples such as her glass shattering scream. At one point it seems to own mystic powers, when it affected a game of roulette that Lola needed to win in order to acquire money to save Manni. There are other aspects of Lola’s power, as in her intense running throughout the entire film, robbing her father as well as helping in robbing of the supermarket, and saving another man’s life by simply holding his hand.Although she is white and slender, has bright dyed red hair, is very athletic, has tattoos, and is not the average beauty. The film not only challenges societal idea of what a woman should be, it also undermines the way films are commonly u sed to construct a reality for the viewer by going against the norm of shots, narrative, time, and the power of the individual. Lola is the writer of her own life, she takes an active role in her story as well as others.