Promotion Mix Essay

1. Introduction Promotion is the marketing term used to describe all marketing communications activities. Integration of all the elements of promotion mix is necessary to meet the information requirements of all target customers. This simply means that the promotion mix is not designed to satisfy only the prospective buyer or only the regular buyer. Some elements of the mix may be aimed at the target customer who is unaware of the product, while others may be aimed at potential customers who are fully aware of the product and are likely to purchase it. All the elements of the mix played their roles in bringing about the sale. The elements of the promotion mix must be coordinated and integrated so that they reinforce and complement each other to create a blend that helps in achieving the promotional objectives of the organization. 1.2 Elements of promotional mix Personal Selling Sales Promotion Public Relation †¢ Trade Fairs and Exhibitions Advertising Sponsorship Online Promotions 1.3 Factors influencing promotion mix †¢ The funds available for the activity Irrespective of what the right proportions of a promotion exercise are, it is the funds available that are really crucial in determining the final  promotional mix. It is only a business with the requisite financial resources that can begin and see a promotional effort through. †¢ The nature of the market The first market factor is the position of a product in its life cycle. The creation of primary demand, hitherto nonexistent, is the primary task during the introductory stage; therefore, a high level of promotion effort is needed to explain a new product to potential customers. †¢ The nature of the product In determining the promotional mix the nature of the product being offered must be assessed given that creating awareness say for a consumer product is quite a different kettle of fish compared to what’s required for an industrial product. †¢ The product’s lifecycle stage Determining the promotional mix accurately also calls for an assessment of the four lifecycles that a product goes through. At introduction a product must be presented to the customers and thus creating awareness is the biggest concern. Personal selling and public relations are very applicable. At the growth stage there is already some awareness so advertising is applicable in strengthening the brand name. At maturity advertising remains applicable in fending off the competition. Finally, during sales decline a business will want to substantially cut down on promotional efforts. 1.4 Basic objectives of promotion †¢ To present information to consumers as well as others. †¢ To increase demand. †¢ To differentiate a product 1.5 Role of Promotion †¢ To communicate with individuals, groups or organizations directly or indirectly. †¢ Facilitate exchanges by informing and persuading one or more audiences  to accept an organization’s products. †¢ Communicate with their customers. †¢ Design communication to your specific target audience. 1.6 Scope of the study The present study is an attempt to analyze the existing promotional mix and its effectiveness in organizational growth and development. 1.7 Objective of the study âž ¢ To identify the promotion tools used in Elite super market âž ¢ To measure the influence of promotion mix âž ¢ To asses the responses of the consumers towards the promotional strategies âž ¢ To suggest measures for promoting sales âž ¢ To identify the consumer preference âž ¢ To help in developing promotional plans of the company 1.8 Research methodology 1.8.1 Sources of data Primary data: It was collected through consumer survey and personal interview. The sample size was 50 customers. Secondary data It was collected through books, journals, organizational manuals, magazines, documents and internet. Analytical tools †¢ Tables †¢ Charts †¢ Graphs 1.9 Limitations of the study âž ¢ There can be reporting bias on the part of respondents âž ¢ The sample selection is restricted to 50 consumers due to time constraints âž ¢ Financial constraints effect the reliability of the study âž ¢ Being a student work, the project also helds the inherent limitations of lack of expertise âž ¢ The study is restricted to elite super market and findings cannot be generalized Scheme of the Study The findings of the study are chapterized into 7 chapters. The first chapter consists of the introduction regarding the topic, scope, objectives, research methodology and limitations of the study. The second chapter includes the review of literature. Third chapter consists of the industry profile. The fourth chapter is the company or organizational profile. Fifth  chapter is presentation and analysis of data. The sixth chapter consists of the findings and interpretation and the last chapter is the conclusion. In addition to this, bibliography is annexed. The appendix portion covers the secondary data formats, structured interview schedule, etc.

El Norte Essay

Gregory Nava’s El Norte debuted in the Telluride Film Festival in 1983 and presents the challenges and realities of migration and multiculturalism. Though the film’s settings are not consistent with today’s scenarios, it is still an important work because it provides and periodical anthology of the migrant issues as well as a background to today’s multicultural issues. A study of the film reveals not only the developments in the perceptions regarding immigration but also the development of niche cultural groups from the perspective of both original and adoptive societies. Moreover, El Norte suggests that cultural biases exist in various levels of society even in seemingly homogenous ones and that cultural disambiguation creates social vulnerabilities. Therefore, the movie can provide valuable insights on how multicultural psychology develops and changes in different settings. In turn, the insights that can be developed can help address the issues faced by the Xuncax family, particularly by the Rosa and Enrique in their quest to find their way and to establish a new life in the United States. In all three parts of the movie, cultural differences remain a dominant issue. Tackled closely with social issues, the film’s view is that culture is both a source of strength and a bane for the siblings. At the same time, the change in both Rosa and Enrique’s view of their experience and their prospects undergoes a metamorphosis that challenges them to find their place in the social schema. Immigrants or Refugees One of the major issues that are being explored in the movie is regarding the status of Rosa and Enrique as migrant or refugees. This issue is one that has become an interest in consideration of the political and economic persecution that became prevalent in autocratic and militarists governments in South America. Many countries, in the interest of controlling the influx of transnational established qualifications that can be considered as refugees, eligible for sanctuary and those that are to be considered as migrants. The general consensus seemed to be that political persecution was to be the basis for refugee status while migrants were associated with economic motivations. Furthermore, the status of immigrants requires legality where eligibility is based on an individual’s productive capacity. In the case of the main characters of the movie, they started out more as refugees. The circumstances that motivated them to leave Guatemala were because of persecution against indios their motivation was clearly not economic in nature. Rather, it was because of fear against threats against their life due to their ethnicity. At the same time, one classifies the siblings as refugees because they are not given the choice of staying or going back to Guatemala or to seek the protection of their government. However, they are not given this status but does not either fulfill the tenants of being considered as immigrants recognized by the United States. Considering these, Rosa and Enrique are to be considered as immigrants, however it should be noted that their lack of legal status makes such a classification problematic as well. In more contemporary terms, they are to be considered as illegal migrants, neither of their own country or the one they are currently in. Challenges and Implications It is understandable that there is reluctance to consider them as refugees since such a status, under the international charters, makes them eligible not only for residence in the United States but also makes them eligible for social assistance and placement. In contrast, immigrants are managed by the conditions of their migration or residence programs and there is greater leeway for their ejection when they are proven to be unproductive or detrimental to society. Thus, Rosa and Enrique can only turn to illegal means of entering the country as illustrated by their association with a â€Å"coyote† who smuggles them into the country. Though this bypasses the bureaucracy needed to gain both refugee and immigrant status, it also has left them vulnerable to abuse since they can not seek legal or judicial intervention if they need to. Furthermore, since they already entered the country illegally, the have burned their bridges in gaining legal recognition in the country. The siblings both offer perspectives on the institutions that migrants have to deal with. Rosa’s perspective is that their journey north has only led them from death to greater poverty and questioning if they have a place anywhere in the world except in death. Enrique reflects the sentiment that he is considered simply a factor of production, a â€Å"strong arm†, gaining no greater value than livestock or equipment. In either case, the siblings show that they see themselves apart from society, excluded by their circumstance and history. Acculturation Though the associates of the siblings are generally limited to their own community of migrants, this is not to suggest that they do not make an effort to become part of the general society. However, their efforts are often deterred by cultural and social preconceptions that box them into their roles as illegal immigrants. At the same time, they were being challenged to adjust to their roles within their won community as many of the racism they faced against their indigenous heritage in Guatemala persisted. The irony is that they heritage that they are being persecuted form is also the source of the philosophical perspective that give them the will to survive and bear the conditions and challenges of their journey north. The siblings peg all of their social interactions from their observations as well as each other’s perspectives. The issue of turning back from one’s cultural heritage is an underlying theme of the story since from the very beginning, perceived cultural inferiorities were the crux of the challenges faced by Rosa and Enrique’s family. Thus, within the socially excluded community they are categorized in by mainstream society they remain outsiders. It is then apparent from the observations and interactions of the siblings that their acculturation is always from and externalist’s perspective. Therefore, as Rosa and Enrique tried to adjust to their circumstance, there seems to be an acceptance that they will neither be able to be part of their community. Immigration Policies and El Norte The conjecture that the illegal immigrant trade is one that is protected and even encouraged is a perspective that is presented in the story. Illegal immigrants provide cheap labor, a blanket against social security requirements and a labor supply for jobs that are unwanted jobs. At the same time, immigrants are able to have livelihoods that allow them to subsist as they try to gain the tenure they need to apply for legitimacy. However, there is credence to Enrique’s sentiment that such a scenario has left them in a continued disadvantage. He points out that their situation has left them not only economically, socially or politically disadvantaged but also has made him question his worth as an individual and cultural heritage. The United States remains to be the preferred country for migration and there is still a great need for migrants particularly to sustain labor forces in jobs that are considered blue-collar in nature, However, the reality is that the country is already facing high unemployment among its citizens and there is a slow down of the economy. Thus, the need to control migration is also justified, if not necessary. At the same time, the persistence of ethnicity or culture as a bias still persists despite the establishment of political institutions that are to protect social diversity. The reality is that the issue is not so much regarding migration but the lack of viable opportunities and the inequitable distribution of wealth within nations and internationally.

No need for topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

No need for topic - Essay Example BestBuy Company Incorporation is a multinational retailer that deals with selling of computer electronics, mobile phone products and various other appliances. Other than the retail stores, the company is also involved in the operations related to call-center and online retail transactions. In order to maintain the smooth flow of the organizational operations, requirement for strategic management frames is observed to be a vital part for BestBuy. Few examples can be cited from BestBuy, where application of strategic management has been depicted. Considering the fiscal year 2001, BestBuy Company has acquired the Magnolia Hi Fi Inc., which is a retailer of audio along with video products. In this aspect this strategic decision was undertaken in order to access upscale consumer segment. This is an example of strategic change within the domestic environment of the company (BestBuy, â€Å"About Best Buy†). In accordance with the strategic change during the fiscal year 2002, BestBuy acquired Future Shop Ltd for better prospect. Future Shop is considered as Canada’s largest retailer and has been acquired with an objective to retain the company’s brand equity and also increase its consumers’ base. Another example can be cited from the field of its operation that reflects about the initiative taken by BestBuy Company as an approach to strategic management. The US based BestBuy stores have provided the customers’ with the facilities of differentiated product categories such as computing and mobile phones, entertainment, services, consumer electronics and appliances among others. (BestBuy, â€Å"About BestBuy†). The mission statement of the BestBuy Company is identified as â€Å"Our formula is simple: we’re a growth company focused on better solving the unmet needs of our customers—and we rely on our employees to solve those puzzles.

Strategic Issues and problems of Starbucks Essay

Strategic Issues and problems of Starbucks - Essay Example This is because such firms are found to generate higher revenue than Starbucks in the market. The company was forced to change its marketing strategy as it could not compete with advertisement investments made by McDonald’s. Moreover, since the economic downturn, financial analysis shows that gross profit of the company has fallen. The company since 2012 has ceased operations of more than 500 underperforming stores across markets of U.S. and many other nations. Currently, the firm lacks adequate finances to expand business in the long run. It is also found that McDonald’s has, unlike Starbucks, gained competitive advantage in business through outsourcing, R&D, distributions and sponsorships activities. At this juncture, it is analyzed that the company can only sustain in such competition by introducing new innovation process in business and product differentiation perspectives. For such expansion programs, the company needs to develop new fund raising strategies. In the contemporary world, extent of business complexity has significantly increased. Profit and revenue generation a strategy of firms in the not only depends on internal and external factors, but are also highly influenced by effectiveness of its strategic management. Presently, the restaurant industry is dominated by giant global firms like, McDonald’s and Starbucks. It is found that scope of business internationalization of these firms has increased remarkably since last few years. Through business expansion, these firms have gained impressive global market demand shares as well as augmented brand value in business. However, since the global financial crisis, McDonald’s has won over Starbucks in terms of market competition McDonald’s has invested huge amount of capital in business, thereby generating severe barriers to expand for Starbucks. From the case study is found that Starbucks is facing financial crunch in its business, at present.

To What Extent Festivals and Special Events Impact upon the Social Term Paper

To What Extent Festivals and Special Events Impact upon the Social Fabric of a Community - Term Paper Example Festivals are now considered to contribute extensively to the cultural and economic growth of a country. They have major economic, socio-cultural, and political impacts on the tourism industry of the destination area of the host group. Whilst scholars worldwide are working on developing suitable models to decide the various economic effects of festivals on host communities, there are also a few studies reported which center on the cultural, social, and political impacts of festivals and special events. The studies are to determine the extent to which festival attendance eases the growth of social capital/fabric by depending upon the literature from a variety of disciplines so as to commemorate the connection between festivals and social capital. There are many important festivals that occur in the world annually or seasonally. Every culture or religion has its own specific festivals which are attended by a large number of local or foreign people. Hindu Festivals are very famous and a re celebrated with their gods and goddesses (idols) in whom they commemorate their birth, lives, and incidents. Some famous festivals are Ganesh Chaturthi, Holi, Deepavali, and Krishna Janmashtami. Similarly, Muslim Festivals Muslim festivals are famous for their feasts and religious fasts. At the time of Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha, the local markets are filled with glittering jewelry and clothes, sweets and delicacies for everyone. Muslims believe that the family gets together for such festivals.Sikh Festivals are usually associated with the life of their Guru. Likewise, Buddhism Festivals are commemorated throughout the world on remembering the birth of Mahavira Buddha, the founder of Buddha. Here we will discuss specifically Christian Festivals. Important Christian festivals are Christmas and Easter.  

Categories of Labor Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Categories of Labor Laws - Essay Example The researcher states that most labor laws can be categorized into 2 main categories, mainly Collective Labor Law, which refers to the relationships and activities between the employer, employees and the union. Secondly, there are Individual Labor Laws which refer to all those laws that are applicable to individual employee’s right of work and upholding their contracts. The following are some of the constituents of collective labor law: Trade Unions Some countries support the formation of labor unions. All employees are given the right to join any union, i.e. removing any discrimination on the basis of union activity. It is in the best interest of the union to bargain for the best benefits for all the members of the union. Some countries promote the formation of unions as this reduces the amount of control and employer has over its employees. Some legal regulations allow unions to place a set of obligations and duties on its members, and failure to meet these can lead to disba rment from the union. Union activity, must however be kept in check as to make sure unfair advantage is not being taken. In labor law terms, strikes refer to the process where members of a union shut down the production facility in order to make the employer agree to a certain number of conditions. However, most countries have laid down specific rules on when a strike is legal. Most importantly, it must be carried out in a democratic manner. General strikes are forbidden in various countries and certain personal such as health professionals, airport personnel are forbidden from carrying out strikes. Boycotts are another form of protest which is â€Å"a lawful concerted attempt by a group of people to express displeasure with, or obtain concessions from, a particular person or company by refusing to do business with them†. Boycotts are generally considered more lawful. Pickets or Picketing This is a process where workers of a union may congregate outside the workplace and not carrying out their own duties but prevent fellow workers by entering the facility. This may be both primary (workers are directly involved with the company where the demonstration is being carried out) or secondary (picketing a business not directly connected with the dispute, such as a supplier of materials). In most countries picketing activities are considered illegal, such as Britain, there may be court orders made from time to time against pickets being in particular places or behaving in particular ways (shouting abuse, for example). Workplace Involvement This refers to the concept that in all companies, workers have the right to consult and suggest ideas when it comes to workplace conditions and environment. It is forbidden by law, to discriminate their voice and not allow equal consideration. Co-determination This concept has its roots in Europe and is still a major feature of European labor law, where it is necessary that workers have adequate representation in the companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s supervisory board with all the rights that regular members have. This law has been given different names according to the company, Law on board representation (Sweden), Bullock Report (United Kingdom). Individual Labor Law Similarly, there are various laws pertaining to the individual rights of the employee: Contract of Employment and Unfair Dismissal The basic theory behind this is that a proper document should be signed between the employer and employee to state the formation of the relationship.

Effects of divorce on the mother - child relationship Term Paper

Effects of divorce on the mother - child relationship - Term Paper Example However, another striking finding is that it is possible to look at the effect of divorce on a more positive perspective such that mothers may actually develop certain strategies that would help them cope with the present situation, allowing them to experience a better relationship with their children. Introduction With the growing rates of divorce all over the world, it seems that the ceremony of marriage has lost its essence. Celebrities changing spouses almost as frequently as they change clothes become a part of everyday entertainment. In a highly liberated society, it does not come as a surprise when a couple separates even after years of marriage – in fact, it is almost anticipated. Several reasons have been identified, most of which, centered on the desire for freedom. As such, it appears as though freedom has become more valuable than love and stability. Indeed, in this modernized, less conservative world, marriage being a life-long commitment is already passe. However , it seems that many have overlooked the fact that more than just a ceremony, marriage is an institution which serves as a foundation of the family; hence, divorce not only breaks the marital bond but the family as well. The effect of divorce on children has become the focus of attention especially since their social and psychological development, in line with the socio-cultural learning theory of Vygotsky, is determined largely by their relationship with their parents, who serve as guides that shape their identity. When children grow up in the presence of both parents, they acquire traits and develop social skills that would equip them as they interact outside the home. As such, when a parent has to leave after divorce, the foundation is destabilized; thus, affecting the way that children interact with others. Nevertheless, perhaps, the most affected relationship in children’s life after divorce is that with their mother since most often than not, children are left in the cu stody of the mother after the couple separated. For this reason, many studies have been conducted on knowing the effects of divorce in mother-child relationship. These researches explored various facets of the relationship being influenced by the separation. Summary of Related Articles I. Brenner, J & Hyde, J. (2006). Parental divorce and mother-child interaction. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 45(3), 93-108. The study was conducted due to the predominance of researches which only focused on the negative effects of divorce in the interaction of mother and child, without adequate consideration of the perspectives of both individuals. Brenner & Hyde (2006) attempted to assess the behavior of both mother and child after divorce but unlike other studies on this matter they analyzed using a positive perspective. The previous research that led to their study is that of Gately and Schwebel, whose findings indicate that children of divorced parents actually improve in terms of maturity, c onfidence, empathy and sexual identity. This research gave them the idea that it is possible that divorce may be beneficial to mother-child relationship. Moreover, the researchers also utilize the concept of Vygotsky which serve as the theoretical framework in the analysis of results. The study made use of quasi-experimental design consisting of two groups of subjects: intact and broken families. The subjects consist of one hundred sixty pairs of

Marketing Services Versus Products Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Services Versus Products - Assignment Example In terms of similarities, the marketing of both products and services require the presence of a market segment. A market segment is that specific group of people with the same line of needs that the marketer tries to satisfy (Perreault Jr., Cannon & McCarthy (2014). According, whether a company is marketing a product or a service, it is important to have a specific market segment that the product or service is prepared for. Another similarity is with the use of strategic option. A strategic option is a specialized approach used by companies to gain competitive advantage over their competitors (Fill, 2002). Kotler & Keller (2012) emphasized that both those in the product sector and those in the service sector have need for strategic options that ensures that they are able to gain competitive advantage within the market segment. The third similarity has to do with the use of a marketing mix. Whether a company is marketing a product or a service, Perreault Jr., Cannon & McCarthy (2014) stressed that using the marketing mix, which are commonly identified as product or service, place, promotion, and price all become applicable. Regardless of the similarities identified above, there are some times that differences are identified when marketing products from services. One such difference has to do with the output of what is marketed to customers. This is because whiles the output of products are tangible, the output of services are abstract or intangible (Kvesic, 2008). What this means is that the actual things that marketers sell to customers as products can be seen, felt and handled but those that are marketed as services cannot be seen or handled. A typical example of a product is a car, while banking is an example of a service. The second difference is seen in terms of branding. The difference in branding can however be associated with the differences in outputs of products and services. Kvesic (2008) explained that whereas the use

The Mental and Physical Effects on Incarcerated Children and Their Research Proposal

The Mental and Physical Effects on Incarcerated Children and Their Parents - Research Proposal Example The researcher intends to carry out a qualitative research on the mental and physical effects on incarcerated children and their parents. In this regard, the proposal includes specific aims and objectives of the proposed research that focus on the recognition of different effects of incarceration on children, as well as their parents globally, specifically in context of the United States. The proposal includes brief literature review relating different existing perspectives on the impact of child incarceration. The researcher will be utilizing secondary research methodology as basis of the proposed research while benefiting from primary research method to validate analysis of secondary method. It is anticipation of the researcher to complete the study in a period of nineteen weeks. Introduction The number of youth offenders in the United States has risen greatly in the last few decades, which in turn has been extremely detrimental to the lives of these youth’s families. There is no doubt that a person who breaks the law deserves punishment, as the only fair solution. However, research shows that child imprisonment is not an effective punishment for these juvenile delinquents, and does not decrease the incidence of youth crime. Instead, historical data indicates that this youth crime rate has actually risen as the rate of youth imprisonment increased. Thus, the proposed research aims to analyze several dimensions of youth incarceration, focusing on how it affects both the children and their parents.... While authorities work tirelessly on finding an alternative and effective ways of preventing these youths from this dangerous downfall, it seems that only the strategy of youth imprisonment is actually applicable in real life, despite its negative effects. Research Statement In this manner, the researcher will focus on the following research statement to acquire the aims and objectives of the proposed research: â€Å"To identify and analyze the mental and physical effects on incarcerated children and their parents† Objectives This research has several objectives, which the researcher finds essential to the purpose of this topic. First, the researcher aims to delve into the numerous mental and physical effects that youth imprisonment has on children, and the effect of the same on the parents of these children. The propose research also aims to conduct further analysis on the long term impacts this incarceration will have on the lives of these children in the parents in the futu re. Finally, the study also plans to study whether the mental and physical effects of youth imprisonment yields an overall positive outcome or not. Significance This topic holds major significance across the globe, as one can come across thousands of families that would have affected by this problem. The findings of this study will also be successful in directing the government to designing more effective and beneficial strategies to deal with youth crime, in the US as well as the rest of the world. Literature Review Brief analysis of the literature (Pattillo, 2006) has indicated that incarcerated children and their parents confront huge number of difficulties. Many have undergone the shock of unexpected separation from their only caregiver, and

Research Critiques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Research Critiques - Essay Example Questions asked of the students determined their understandings of plagiarism, the hardships they had to undergo to avoid plagiarism, and how they have learned to write without plagiarizing.iv Phase two concerned the development of learning materials. The materials developed were evaluated with undergraduate psychology students, some of whom had participated in Phase one. Much like the focus groups in Phase one, the number of sessions was determined by the data.v The latter phase then incorporated the student feedback into the design of the learning materials. The research design included a number of processes whereby feedback was ascertained from students and teaching staff, to ensure the applicability and usefulness of the materials and their responsiveness to students' needs. The results of the study stated in Phase one represented the students' understandings of plagiarism particularly on defining plagiarism, difficulties in writing to avoid plagiarism, strategies to avoid plagiarism, and student suggestions for course improvement. The results in Phase two represented the development and evaluation of the learning materials. Based on the findings three tutorials and a 'tip sheet' were developed. The Tip sheet provided students with a practical guide on the definition of plagiarism and suggestions for its avoidance when writing [for this particular subject, psychology].vi Information is outlined on the following six areas: time management, note taking, critical reading, paraphrasing, referencing, and practice. The researchers finally proposed learning materials that sees a number of advantages over alternate methods of plagiarism reduction: 1) The inclusion of the materials into an introductory unit is preventive rather than reactive; 2) Providing all students with materials as a component of the course is a universal rather than selective approach; vii 3) The materials can be easily adapted to alternative teaching modes of delivery such as print based external and online modes; 4) The materials can be incorporated into units without changing the assessment, official unit outlines, and so on; 5) Although the materials were developed for psychology students, the materials could be adapted to meet the needs of students in other schools and departments; and 6) Once the materials have been implemented into the course, their advantages can be sustained without further staff time commitment. The researchers said the same cannot be said for the provision of additional tutorials, workshops, and programs outside of class time. Article 2 Storch, J. B;Storch, E. A; &Clark, P. (2002, Nov/Dec). Academic dishonesty and neutralization theory: A comparison of intercollegiate athletes and non-athletes. Journal of College Student Development. Retrieved February 9, 2006 from: http://www.looksmartgradschools.com/p/articles/mi_qa3752/is_200211/ai_n9165977#continue The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the self-reported frequency of academic dishonesty in a sample of student

Swot Analysis Company Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis Company Essay 4. SWOT Analysis The overall evaluation of a company’s Strengths(S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) is called SWOT Analysis. It is a way of monitoring the external and internal marketing environment. 4.1. Analysis of Strengths and Weaknesses This analyses the internal environment of a company. According to our comprehensive observation and analysis, the following Strengths and Weaknesses of Mini Co-op city are identified. 4.1.1. Strengths †¢ As the cost of living is relatively high, this cater to low income earners by providing commodities at controlled prices, which results in lesser price fluctuations. †¢ Samurdhi beneficiaries receive stamps of Rs.240, Rs.340, Rs.540 per month to purchase commodities. 4.1.2. Weaknesses †¢ Lack of parking facilities. †¢ The name board is not attractive and eye catching. †¢ Arrangement of goods and layout is ineffective. †¢ Display has not been utilized in correct manner and the eye level shelves are empty. †¢ They are practicing the sales oriented concept, not the marketing oriented concept. †¢ No marketing and promotional effort. †¢ Lack of staff and currant members are not enthusiastic. †¢ The place in which outlets are located is not convenient. 4.2. Analysis of Opportunities and Threats This analyses the external environment of a company. According to our observations, we identified following Opportunities and Threats of Mini co-op city. 4.2.1. Opportunities †¢ Existence of a network of branches and opportunity to further expand it through government fund allocation. †¢ With terrorism coming to an end and achievement of peace, ability to capture new North and Eastern market which attracts relatively low competition. 4.2.2. Threats †¢ Limited availability of funds. †¢ High political influence and change of political parties will affect entire policies and practices. †¢ Higher competition faced retail sellers and well organized chain of supermarket

Corporate University in China Essay Example for Free

Corporate University in China Essay The concept of corporate university (CU) in China is a recent phenomenon although it existed more than eight decades in the western world. Literature reviews indicate that CU is an independent professional-managed entity proactively providing learning intervention in the workplace. With the ownership of the corporation, CU embedded culture and optimized learning through commitment to strategic intent in order to meet organizational objectives. The concept of â€Å"training† has to be redefined. The major key role of CU is to facilitate both individuals and organization to become â€Å"efficient learner† in order to maintain competitiveness in the ever-changing of business environment. Since the start of economic reform in 1978, the Chinese economy has enjoyed a dramatic growth. In 2002 alone, China attracted over US$52.7 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI), surpassing the US. The drastic economic growth and the fundamental structural change in China as a result of government policies, globalization and technological advances will continue to drive the demand for training and competency development. Both local and foreign-invested corporations seek the CU concept as the strategic solution. There are many reasons for corporations establish CU; however, the primary one is to facilitate corporate objectives and support business strategies. Studies on HRM suggest different models vary across different countries. A direct copy from western model might cause ineffective and inefficient. A comprehensive understanding on the CU meaning, how it operates, and its roles are important. In addition, consideration of local elements is necessary in adopting CU in China. Major Chinese characteristics with current corporate situation and issues should be identified. Evidences support that the Chinese contextual variables and their CU motives impact the strategies and development of CU in China. Adapted from Prince Beaver’s conceptual CU Wheel model, a priori China CU framework encompassed the unique characteristics of China is formulated in an attempt to describe the key functions that an â€Å"ideal† type of CU in China should perform. Based on the theoretical assumptions, the four core subsystems include learning and teaching process, networks and partnership, accreditation system, and marketing process constitute the main elements of the CU process. They work collaboratively with the common goal of supporting business goals and strategies. The two cultural elements, â€Å"guanxi† and â€Å"mianzi†, work as catalyst or lubricator to enhance the effectiveness and coordination. The priori CU framework brings new insight to the CU development in China. Research is performed to test the relevance of this framework across the three major forms of ownership. To achieve the research objectives, an exploratory and descriptive approach is used. This study adopts a qualitative case-methodology based on the in-depth interviews, previously collected data through questionnaires and documentary analysis. The three study cases include: 1. Taikang Business University (TBU) a joint-venture enterprise with foreign investment; 2. Motorola University, China (MUC) a wholly foreign-owned multi-national corporation (MNC); 3. X Academy, a state-owned enterprise (SOE) To delimit the study, each case covers background information, its objectives and roles, core portfolio, and the relevance of the priori framework. Challenges and issues of each case organization are addressed as well. A cross-case analysis of the three case organizations is used to identify the similarities and differences. The diffusion of CU practices varies with the investment form and the foreign equity stake. The study provides evident that both the MNC and joint venture case organizations with foreign investment are more mature in their CU process. The integration and coordination of the four core processes that constitute the priori CU framework are strongly evident. A hybrid model of CU practices is adopted with the convergence of practices from the parent country operation and the divergence of practices for the China context. On the other hand, the CU development of the SOE case is less developed. It can be explained that most of SOEs in China lack western management know-how and resources. Some CU sub-processes or practices of the priori CU framework are either missing or too weak in the SOE case. It has been facing problems at the CU evolution. Misconception on training, lack of support from upper management, lack of CU understanding, unable to demonstrate the CU value, ineffective learning process, and the cultural gap are the major issues and challenges for CUs in China. Improvements have to be made before CU can really take off in organizations in China. Recommendations with reference to the priori CU framework are made. Additional comments on CU strategies are given for local enterprises and the foreign-invested organization. It is evident that some CUs such as Motorola University China (MUC) perform a range of strategic functions in China. Among all, it can be summarized into two major categories: developing people and developing business. Although developing people is the most common motive for the CU establishment, the CU strategic orientation towards market-driven and profit-driven is more evident and justifiable to most Chinese enterprises. The CU strategies and practices are highly influenced by the political, economic and cultural characteristics of China. It would be difficult to apply a single CU model to all CU phenomena. Despite the limitation, the priori CU framework can still be used as a tool to describe the current situation in the CU scene in China. It encompasses the unique characteristics of China CU, capable of providing the direction to the CU operations and practices. This research raises a number of issues upon which subsequent research efforts can be expended as follow: 1. Besides the forms of ownership, other company variables such as the industry types, leadership style, corporation sizes, and corporate culture might affect the CU development and practices. Further, the CU strategies and practices are highly influenced by the political, economic and cultural characteristics of China. To what extent these contextual variables influence the CU adoption in China? 2. The major motive for local enterprises to establish CU is to drive corporate-wide initiative, reinforcing and perpetuating behavior towards internationalization. So how do the local corporations, particularly state-owned enterprise, change their traditional view to more global perspective in order to run a successful CU? 3. Different foreign-invested corporations adopt different local strategy. Some focus on globalizing the China operation whilst others prefer to adopt a complete localization approach. Does the local strategy adopted by the foreign-invested corporation affect the CU strategy and development? 4. The dynamic business environment in China creates a constant change phenomenon in corporate strategies. How does CU support the changing corporate strategies and maintain its agility? How does CU demonstrate its value in China? With a large population, fast and rapid growing economy and constant improvement of its people’s living standard, corporations in China enjoy tremendous market potentials. CU definitely has an important role in China. However, a successful CU requires continuously learning and self-reflective. The evolution of CU involves ongoing values, trust, respect, commitment, integrity and enthusiasm. The priori CU framework, to a certain extent, can be used as a tool to explain the current situation in the CU scene in China. With more understanding on the CU practices and development in China, it will benefit both organization decision makers and educational providers to evaluate their responses to what is clearly a growing phenomenon.

Online Learning vs Face-to-Face Learning

Online Learning vs Face-to-Face Learning Have you ever seen an advertisement on television that promotes acquiring a degree online? The advertisements make it sound easy and convenient to get a two-year, or even a four-year degree, for little of nothing, in a short amount of time, and big-time businesses will be begging you to work for them. However, is acquiring a degree online better than sitting in a classroom with a real-life professor? Do you receive more of a quality education in a classroom, face-to-face, or behind a computer screen? Face-to-Face learning is better than online learning because of the interactions and examples of face to face learning will benefit the learner the most. One of the most beneficial means of physically being in a classroom is the response time that a person receives from an actual person, such as a professor, versus an online class instructor. During face to face learning, a persons questions will get an immediate answer whereas online learning means waiting for a response. Studies show that immediate and efficient feedback response time is crucial to effective learning. In a classroom environment, you may also have the advantage of working in small groups where you can collaborate on difficult topics and receive immediate feedback from you peer groups as well. Sometimes, discussing issues or problems with your instructor in person is a lot easier than typing it out or trying to explain it in face-time online. Efficient and effective constructive feedback is imperative to proper learning environments, such as what a person would receive in an actual classroom. Attending classes in person also creates a disciplined, structured student. In todays society, it is crucial that students become more structured by attending scheduled classes. By abiding by a class schedule, this trains the student for real world situations, such as being on-time for a job interview or important business meetings. The online environment is usually more flexible as far as time constraints. A person does not have attend class at a specific time and can do household chores, take care of a baby, etc. Many people may see this as an advantage. (Lim, Doo Hun, Michael L. Morris). However, this is actually a disadvantage because it creates a carefree, lazy, and distractive environment. This type of climate cannot possibly properly prepare a person for a job, profession, or career. The online classroom is at an extreme disadvantage when trying to properly prepare a student for a structured, business-type atmosphere. One of the best ways to make new friends and meet new people by socially interacting with them is in the classroom. Meeting new people is a great way to sharpen your social skills and where else better can a person do that but in the classroom. Socializing with others is a perfect way to make future job connections, acquire new friends, maybe meet your soulmate. Online learning depletes a person of these socializing opportunities. It even impairs them further. Socializing face-to-face is becoming a trait that is harder to find in employers today. With increased amounts of text messages, social media sites, and other less invasive ways of interacting with other people, employers are struggling to find employees that know how to interact face-to-face effectively. They are a dying breed as we speak. Collaborating with others offers several more benefits for a student to be successful in the real world instead of spending time behind a monitor at home. A great way to learn how to interact with a superior is by being a student in an actual classroom environment. By interacting with your professor, this prepares a student how to effectively talk, respond, and work for a superior. Personalities sometimes do not mesh, they may even clash, but by learning how to deal with other personalities, this develops a more well-rounded individual socially speaking. Trial and error in how you respond and/or get responses gets students ready for real world problems, such as how to properly talk to your boss, how to handle difficult situations with co-workers, maybe even how to settle differences with your spouse. (Smith, Nigel V). By learning how to answer to a superior, even though it may be a professor or professors assistant, interacting with different types of people as your superior trains a student to become a more successful individual later in life. The classroom also offers several opportunities for a student to learn kinesthetically, whereas the online classroom fails the student in this area. Online learning obviously offers opportunities for visual learning, but it does not offer much else. The classroom offers so much more, such as hands-on trainings, visual and hearing enhanced learning, and other kinesthetic, or physical means, of acquiring information. By incorporating different learning styles, the success rate of learning highly increases. This creates a more successful learning environment for everyone. The online learning experience is very limited in capturing different learning styles and ultimately fails the student. The online classroom actually offers more opportunities to become distracted and stray away from better learning versus the physical classroom. Since the traditional way of learning has always been in a classroom, many people think that students become more distracted in this type of environment. (Bowen, William G., et al). However, the opposite is true. By doing online learning from home, office, or in a public venue, students are increasingly more distracted by other people, family members, and cell phones. Many classrooms limit students to being on their phones or laptops, therefore, decreasing the amount of distractions. Online learning actually increases the amount of distractions because most people access their online classrooms from home, their office or place of work, or in a public place such as a coffee shop. People with conditions such as ADHD or other learning disabilities are at even more of a disadvantage for a successful online learning experience. Finally, not everyone is equipped with fast-connecting internet, wifi, or has data plans that support the online learning environment. Many people live in rural areas where high-speed internet service or wifi is not available. Data plans and internet plans can be expensive, so people that are on a strict budget tend to stray away from costly internet and phone data plans. Sometimes internet connections can be interrupted by bad weather and can cause problems with your online learning experience. You may even lose your work if there is a power outage or your internet connection is interrupted. If you have a deadline, this could be a very bad situation. Face-to-face learning in an actual classroom is proven to be the better alternative when it comes to being a student. Despite our ever increasing use of technology, online learning fails to prepare a well-rounded student that is prepared for the real world. By increasing social interactions, becoming more structured in your schedule, and learning how to interact with authority figures, students are far more successful in their careers by accessing the traditional classroom option. However, as more and more online learning opportunities increase, face-to-face learning may fade away forever. Work Cited Bowen, William G., et al. Online learning in higher education: randomized trial compares hybrid learning to traditional course. Education Next, vol. 13, no. 2, 2013, p. 58+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A323351286/OVIC?u=j020902xid=b03e0583. Accessed 7 Feb. 2017. Lim, Doo Hun, Michael L. Morris, and Virginia W. Kupritz. Online Vs. Blended Learning: Differences In Instructional Outcomes And Learner Satisfaction. Journal Of Asynchronous Learning Networks 11.2 (2007): 27-42. ERIC. Web. 6 Feb. 2017. Smith, Nigel V. Face-To-Face Vs. Blended Learning: Effects On Secondary Students Perceptions And Performance. Procedia Social And Behavioral Sciences 89.2nd Cyprus International Conference on Educational Research (CY-ICER 2013) (2013): 79-83. ScienceDirect. Web. 6 Feb. 2017. Yang, Yan, et al. College Student Effort Expenditure In Online Versus Face-To-Face Courses: The Role Of Gender, Team Learning Orientation, And Sense Of Classroom Community. Journal Of Advanced Academics 22.4 (2011): 619-638. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 Feb. 2017.

How the Role of Women in Haudenosaunee Culture Inspired the Early Feminist Movement :: Essays Papers

How the Role of Women in Haudenosaunee Culture Inspired the Early Feminist Movement The United States has had a long relationship with the Haudenosaunee people. When Europeans invaded North America, beginning in the end of the 15th century, they found a land already inhabited by a large group of people, who they called Indians. Although their subsequent relationship was plagued by disease, wars and fights for domination, there was, inevitably, some exchange of goods, like crops, and ideas between the two peoples. Most notably, even the â€Å"Founding Fathers† of the U.S. were influenced by the Haudenosaunee Confederacy’s ideas about democracy and government. One aspect of the relationship, however, is rarely mentioned: the impact that Haudenosaunee women had on early feminists in the U.S. The two groups of women interacted very closely during the 19th century, and prominent feminist voices in the U.S., like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Matilda Joslyn Gage, and Lucretia Mott, were heavily influenced by the native women’s many freedoms. The contrast between the two groups of women was tremendous. Haudenosaunee women held prominent, decision-making positions in their matriarchal political system. They had the power to choose their clan’s chief, and their authority as clan mothers was respected by Haudenosaunee law. Spiritually, these women were viewed as being connected to Mother Earth and were responsible for leading various religious ceremonies, alongside of men. Haudenosaunee women also shared agricultural work with men, dealing with the work load on a communal basis. Not only did they have control of their own property, but women also had authority over their own bodies, including the responsibility of childbearing. This authority was developed in the Haudenosaunee matriarchal system of family in which children were considered members of the mother’s clan and husbands were brought into the wife’s longhouse upon marriage. Women had final domestic control; violence against women and children wa s not tolerated because wives had the power to kick their husbands out, ordering them to â€Å"pick up [their] blanket and budge† (Wagner, p. 47). On the other hand, women in the U.S., the land of the free, experienced a severe limitation of rights in comparison. Unlike the Haudenosaunee, white women were considered completely subordinate to men, and had to rely completely on their husbands for economic support and political influence. Not only were these women not in positions of political power, but they could not vote, control their own property, make decisions about their own body, or claim their own children.

Socrates was a Wise and Harmless Man :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Socrates and the Apology Some of the best sources of information about Socrates' philosophical views are the early dialogues of his student Plato, who tried to provide a faithful picture of the methods and teachings of the great master. The Apology is one of the many-recorded dialogues about Socrates. It is about how Socrates was arrested and charged with corrupting the youth, believing in no god(s) (Atheism) and for being a Sophist. He attended his trial and put up a good argument. I believe that Socrates was wrongfully accused and should not have been sentenced to death. Within the duration of this document, I will be discussing the charges laid against Socrates and how he attempted to refute the charges. One of the reasons why Socrates was arrested was because he was being accused of corrupting the minds of the students he taught. I personally feel that it is almost impossible for one person to corrupt the thoughts and feelings of a whole group of people. Improvement comes form a minority and corruption comes from the majority. Socrates is one man (minority) therefore it is less likely the youth have been corrupted by Socrates than by some larger group of people (educators, council members, jurymen etc...). Socrates was also put on trial for being an Atheist. In the argument Socrates has with Meletus, Socrates gets Meletus to admit that Socrates is Atheist and theist. Considering that both of these practices are totally incompatible, and Meletus admits to both of theses, maybe Meletus does not really understand what he is accusing Socrates of. I understand that back then; not believing in religion was considered a crime but to actually sentence someone to death for being different is totally uncalled for. Thirdly, because Socrates practiced making weak arguments strong (Sophist). Socrates was a traveling teacher and talked and challenged everyone he met. Socrates taught the art of persuasive speaking. He did not charge people money like most of the other Sophists did, but he did have similar beliefs as the Sophists. Sophists thought that our minds are cut off from reality and that we are stuck in our own opinions of what the world was like. Socrates believed that reason or nature could not tell us why the world is the way it appears. The Sophists' point of view is best summed up as this: we can never step out of the way things appear.

Death Of A Salesman :: essays research papers

“Maybe I did not live as I ought to have done, … but how could that be, when I did everything properly?';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I can hear it now, Willy Loman uttering those words as he flips through the pages of his life. In the play, Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, we witness the deterioration and death of a very well intentioned man. The quote above from Leo Tolstoy’s Ivan Ilych, could not possibly better echo the situation developed in Arthur Miller’s play. The play becomes Willy Loman’s life trial in which he and his family undergo an intense review of their lives. Willy through his confessions searches to find out what went wrong in his life. However, he dies without ever grasping the truth of it all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willy Loman is a traveling salesman in his sixties. As we first find him, he is in the beginning of an emotional crisis. His past, recurring to him in realistic flashbacks, is interfering with the present. Each episode draws forth another problem that Willy has to face in his present situation. The problem for Willy was the question that he was asking himself. It is a question that many older individuals ask themselves, “Did I succeed in life, was it all worth it?'; Poor Willy is beginning to realize that he has lived his entire life for the wrong reasons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Willy raised his two sons in all the wrong ways. He encouraged cheating and mocked hard work and true success. Everything in his life was a false standard. Willy’s view of an individual’s success was how well that individual was, “liked.'; He instilled in his children all the wrong values and encouraged all the wrong things. This poor moral installment is typified in this conversation between Willy and his son Biff.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BIFF: I flunked math dad……. Would you talk to him? He’d like you Pop. You know the way you could talk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WIILY: You’re on. We’ll drive right back   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BIFF: Oh, Dad, good work! I’m sure he’ll change it for you!. See, the reason he hates me, Pop-one day he was late for class so I got up at the blackboard and imitated him. I crossed my eyes and talked with a lithp.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WILLY: laughing: You did? The kids like it? I really found this conversation to show the exact problem that Willy had. He had instilled the worst values in his children and then never sought to correct them.

Julia Stasch – Case Study

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Case study-2 Julia Stasch (A) Submitted To: Submitted By: Section – B Group-7 Name| Roll No. | | | Archana Sharma| 2012074| Ashish Saxena| 2012080| Ayush N. Aggarwal| 2012085| Bhavneet Singh Uppal| 2012092| Chetan Chawhan| 2012100| Deepak Chandak| 2012104| Gaurav Kapshe| 2012119| Outline of the case A. Introduction Richard A Stein, an entrepreneur, established a company named Stein & company in 1971.In short span of time, company evolved with many parallel businesses like real estate services, development and construction consulting, tenant and landlord representation, brokerage, leasing, marketing, asset management and program management and got a privilege to be in fortune 500. In their construction business, they have worked with big giants like AMT, USG Corporation, U. S. General and the University of Chicago. By 1988, company was responsible for more than $1 billion worth of properties. Julia Stasch, B. A. from Loyola University and an M. A. from University of Illinois, joined the company in 1976 as a secretary.Prior to this job she used to teach history in school and was enjoying a schedule that permits her for long vacations. Though, she was unhappy with her salary. Initially the firm, in 1976, employed only four people, and Julia Stasch was one of them. Due to this she had great responsibilities, which consists of reviewing construction loan applications, inspection of work in progress and to lead daily operations. As company grew, Stasch’s position also grew. She started with Secretary, then Project coordinator, then Executive Vise president to Chief administrative officer.Stasch’s vision was to empower women in construction industry and to support minority and women-owned businesses. She got this opportunity in 1984, when local government asked the firm to include affirmative action in a small project. Affirmative action is an action or policies to benefit underrepresented group in areas of employment, edu cation and business. After this project, the firm bid for AT&T, the telecommunication giant, by adding affirmative action component. And combination of business and social cause helped them to win the contract. Stasch with Joe Williams, affirmative action consultant, draw a strategy and made a task force.The work of task force was to define goals and strategy to achieve it. Task force worked out a handbook with details and rules for the contractors and sub contractors, if they want to work with them. They also helped women and minority owned firms with orientation sessions and with giving requisite certificates, bonding and insurance. This leads to success of affirmative action program and brought many awards from both task force and outsiders. Affirmative action program did impact on construction industry but didn’t change male dominated construction jobs of Chicago. A verdict by Bill Townsend and Lauren Sugerman proves the same.Questioning about their upper body strength, t he â€Å"Catch 22† Situation, rude comments, sexual harassment are some of the issues which makes difficult for women to survive in construction jobs. The happenings with Veronica Rose shows dirty picture of construction industry. B. Objective As construction industry is male dominated and women survival is difficult in the same. To find various ways or strategies by which women empowerment can be done in construction industry and to club this social cause with business for win-win situation. C. Analysis Background of the problem:In this case, even after affirmative action program, minority and women-owned suppliers cannot change the male dominating thinking of construction industry. All the high ranked and high paying jobs were held by men. Sex discrimination and anti-women attitudes are still prevalent on worksites, despite the fact that sex discrimination is illegal. Female construction workers suffer from gender and sexual harassment, a factor associated with low job sati sfaction as well as psychological inadequate information and the lack of education and training, about workplace safety and health greatly concern women workers.The culture and attitudes of construction workers, supervisors, and companies about health and safety often condone risk taking and unsafe work practices, passing â€Å"bad† habits from one generation of workers to the next. In the background we still have a cultural stereotype in our societies which associates masculinity with strength and power and femininity with tactfulness and sensitivity. And that is why anti-women attitude have dominance over construction industry. These expectations in turn create distinct social environments in which men and women learn to communicate and deal with conflict in quite different ways.The assumptions that root the frequent argument are that woman is physically not strong to endure this strenuous task. When entering the gender segregated occupations, these women need to prove thei r competence despite their qualifications and experiences. Among the common barriers are social acceptances of employment, sexually-inappropriate occupation, sexual discrimination, sexual harassment, physical incapability, unqualified for blue-collar jobs and labour conditions such as extreme weather, unsociable work-hours and exposure to hazards. Various incidents in this case are hypothesis to this context: . Stasch being aware of AT&T’s attempts to support minority-owned vendors and suppliers, she suggested that Stein & Company should distinguish its bid by including a strong affirmative action component which bought success and Stein & Company got the project to build AT&T’s headquarter building. 2. Affirmative action achieved new heights when more than 100 minority and women-owned contractors and sub-contractors worked on AT&T’s project, and 23% i. e. about $37 million of the aggregate construction dollars went to these firms. . Male workers often made rude comments, played hurtful pranks, committed sexual harassments and sometimes deliberately put women in physical danger. A CWIT study stated that- 88% women workers were subject to picture of naked or partially dressed, 83% unwelcome sexual remarks, 80% faced problem of no toilets or dirty toilets, 60% being given heaviest or dirtiest assignments, 57% being touched or asked for sex. 4. A male co-worker paused by the ladder on which Veronica Rose was working, looked her over and urinated on the bottom rung.Rose had already been threatened with being pushed off from high floor of Manhattan Construction site. She had to face a punch which fractured her jaw by the foreman, whose sexual advances she had snubbed. Once, Rose was pushed into a supply closet by a co-worker and nearly raped. Various alternatives to find the solution: Occupational Segregation: Occupational segregation is one of the barriers which prevents women and men from fulfilling their potential in the labour market, and c onsequently contributes to the pay gap. According to one perspective, occupational egregation is grounded in biology; men’s and women’s jobs to a significant degree reflect innate skills, abilities, and preferences that result in women working as elementary school teachers and men as auto mechanics. According to this perspective, women tend to self-select into jobs that allow them to balance work and family responsibilities, putting them out of running jobs that require large commitments of time and energy. Employers should use occupational segregation to determine the pay scale of workers irrespective of gender which can bring a gender justice in society. Reduced gender gaps in primary school education:Education may be an important precondition to women empowerment, but it does not guarantee that empowerment. For this to occur, women must also enjoy equal rights with men, equal economic opportunities, use of productive assets, freedom from drudgery, equal representati on in decision-making bodies, and freedom from the threat of violence and coercion. Most important, education must serve as the vehicle for transforming attitudes, beliefs and entrenched social norms that sustain discrimination and inequality. Data around the world shows that increased education is associated with the empowerment of women.Educated women are more effective at improving their own well being and that of their family. These empowering effects of women education are manifested in a variety of ways, including increased income earning potential, decision making autonomy, control over their own fertility and participation in public life. Gender Equality and Empowerment of women: A critical aspect of promoting gender equality is the empowerment of women, with a focus on identifying and redressing power imbalances and giving women more autonomy will help them to manage their own lives.It will bring gender justice, greater opportunity and better quality of life so that equalit y is achieved at high level of well beings. Other Practically Applicable Solutions: – * Contractors should be made clear that if any case of women harassment is reported against them, then they will be barred from applying in any of the further projects. * Women workers should be motivated and encouraged to raise voice against any such incidence happened with them and come forward and report about it to the management. Should encourage labour unions and employers to include sexual harassment prevention training in safety and health programs. * Review all communication materials to ensure that they are gender neutral and include women. Visual materials (videos, posters, pictures, etc. ) should include examples of female construction workers to promote an integrated construction workplace. * To address the problem of workplace isolation of female construction workers should assign female workers in pairs. Best Proposed Solution:Government should enforce the prominent safety for women workers. Company should amend the rules for contractors that in case of women harassments, contractor’s company will be barred for further biddings. To establish gender neutral work culture all the above mention solutions has to implement on a long term basis. D. Conclusion In this case we had seen that has the construction labour force becomes more diversified, the construction industry as a whole cannot afford to overlook the genuine problem regarding the safety concerns of female construction workers.These issues merit attention to and action by, all those who share responsibility in the arena of construction safety and health. With the above proposed solution we can empower women as social and economic participants – A first step in the journey towards socio-economic development. And we will be able to provide them a safe and healthy environment in construction companies. The employment of progressive values and externally-motivated philosophies practices ca n enhance overall corporate health in two important areas. First t will enhance the productivity of corporation. Second it will positively affect the outside stakeholder. Sticking to the values and causes for social benefit will help the organisation to grow. E. Managerial learning derived from the case By analysing this case we learned that the creative change strategies implemented by one executive can help in upbringing of minority and women in society and organisation. And how one individual can create social changes? Business can encourage the workforce diversity in organisation.Stasch was having wide latitude of responsibilities in company. But Stasch was making huge efforts to increase the use of minority and women suppliers on Stein’s projects. Being a manager we can create plans and strategies within organisation which can create a positive change in society. For the social economical development of society, gender justice is necessary. References: – 1. An Int roduction to the Sociology of Work and Occupations By- Rudy R. Volti 2. The Future of gender Cambridge University Press- Jude Browne

How far did young peoples’ lives change beetween the early 1950’s and the late 1960’s?

Today, issue self-aggrandizings or teenagers are cognize for having different fashions and caprices to the older generations. They dress differently, crook differently and prepare a intact different attitude. However, it hasnt al representations been ilk this, onward the Cultural Revolution of the deeply 50s and 60s, recent adults as they were known then, were con jumping and good who respected their parents and followed the practice of medicine and fashions of the older generations.The invigorateds teenager is a relatively modern word. Although it has been most since the 1920s, it didnt become widely used until the late 1950s. This was because until then thither was no such(prenominal) thing as a teenager. You basically went from being a child to an adult when you reached puberty. This was because of what society dictated. Teenagers werent allowed to have their own cultures and attitudes, they were pass judgment to go to school, have a ancestry or get married, and produce children, and knowledgeable relationships were expected to take place and after marriage.Much of this way of breeding was due to the hardships of the Depression and worldly concern struggle Two which created a shortage of bullion and a shortage of money to go on fashion, medication and leisure activities. aft(prenominal) World War Two and the terminal of rationing in 1953, race began to have gradually to a greater extent and much than(prenominal) money. In 1950 the average weekly wage was 7.28 nevertheless by 1960 this had increased to 14.10. They could afford to happen much on the latest gadgets or a night verboten to much or less form of entertainment. However, until the late 1950s, legion(predicate) community were still conforming and conventional.Things reached a spell point when a schoolboyish, unknown American named Elvis Presley reached the medicine scene. His style was naked and original and above all, different to anything that had been t hrough with(p) forrader. This new type of music titled rock n regurgitate had energy and beat which was appealing. Now, three-year-old mountain had much money and more time to spend on music. euphony became influential. flock began to go wild to the songs they were hearing because they were so excited by it.Parents disapproved of this new rock n roll. Elvis and other quasi(prenominal) musicians were rebellious and unconventional. He challenged authority and his jump was thought to encourage sex with the hesitation of his hips. The words in his songs were thought to energise sex too. Parents thought he would persuade their children whom he did do to an extent, but at that place were other stoops as well.Young people were having more and more opportunities. imputable to ever- changing companionable attitudes, teenagers became more rebellious and more independent. They were now able to spend more time with their friends and so they were able to form new, different social groups. In the 1950s thither were the case Boys and in the 1960s there were the Rockers and the Mods. The gaffe Boys had long, greased hair that was swept back, and wore Edwardian style coats. They listened to rock n roll by people such as Bill Hayley. The Rockers were a development of the Teddy Boys. They had the same hairstyles but wore jeans and leather jackets and move around on motorbikes. The Mods were Rockers rivals. Mods drove Italian scooters and wore expensive, tailored clothes. They listened to music inspired by black singers. Rhythm and blues and spirit from the United States and Ska from Jamaica influenced them.Now that people had more money to spend, people could afford to barter for more clothes and more consumer- orientated products. In the 50s girls stared wearing trousers which had been unheard of before. Fashion became orientated towards the young. In 1958 Mary Quant was one of the scratch line to design clothes, shoes, make-up and hairstyles for the under 20s. fall apart of this is due to television. Now that television was more quick available, people were being influenced by the fashions shown on TV and because they had more money, they could purchase the products advertised on TV.Jobs became more readily available. People were able to pick and strike the jobs they wanted rather than take whatever they could. Women started outlet to go more. This was totally new. Before, the social stereotypes dictated that the husband should be the breadwinner and the wife should look after the children. In World War Two, many women had to go out to work and some carried this through into the 1950s and 60s. Due to an increase in the amount of women going to work, teenage girls began to go out to work and attitudes towards women began to change.In the 1960s, boundaries were pushed further. As sex before marriage became more acceptable, much more emphasis was put on attracting the verso sex. Dramatic eye make-up was widely popular in the 60 s and skirts became shorter and shorter showing more and more leg. When contraception became legal, people became loosen of convention and all the constrictions of before were comely put aside. People began to experiment like they had never experimented before. A new sub-group named Hippies emerged. They believed in free love and moral freedom. They promoted inner liberation and the use or drugs in developing the spirit and mind as well as the body.But there was a downside to all this. The hippie way of brio created selfishness and a lack of responsibility. Drugs were similarly an issue. The Hippies challenged society and its way of life and challenged what was considered normal social behaviour. In 1968 they redden challenged political authority, as many people believed the way the government was being head was wrong. But it wasnt just Hippies who caused the equipment failure of society. All the changes that had been happening right since the archean 1950s had completely r evolutionised everything and changed the rules of society.Some things stayed the same end-to-end the 1950s and 1960s. There was a continual influence from the USA on fashion and music and ideas. Although the music between the 1950s and 1960s was widely different, young people were still listening to music all the same. People watched the same programmes and parents views on society and what was acceptable, stayed the same. They still disapproved of what their children were up to and disapproved of the fashions and music as young teenagers began to show their individualisticization more and more.Overall, young peoples lives during the 1950s and 1960s changed greatly in all aspects of life and culture. The whole idea of what a teenager is was changed around. Fashions became much more individual as did the music that represented the changing attitudes and ideas. The whole two decades could be called a revolution as so many things changed such as money and jobs and entertainment. Peo ple were sexually liberated when the pill became more available. Although some things stayed the same, all sides of society for young people were changed.

Company/ individual report on roles and responsibilities Essay

A leader is.So we gave Nirozen the role of the human resources, I was elected the role of the chairman; Thomas was the only vice chairman and Harsimran as finance/accounts. The role of the marketing was given to Eugene.Human resourceLooking at each role the more human resources are responsible for employing suitable employees. Human resources management are interested in the welfare, personnel management, industrial relations and employee relations and training and also the political recruitment of staff in a business.Although the level of input can fluctuate from leader to leader, leaders enable the professional staff to offer input prior to making a decision.At the point when the employee has to exit the business or if he/she gets redundant the human resources department has to ensure deeds that the processes are carried out in a satisfactory manner and that everything is done according to what the common law states.Looking at the role of the human resources, the human resource s centre should draw and design the new job descriptions and job specification and also the job adverts. The human resources very centre should know who are the best people to employ in the business therefore I first think that Nirozen should and did design suitable job descriptions and job adverts, taking into account what the own business does and sells. However I think that Nirozen works a bit slow in the major role of the human resources I think that if he started to work a bit faster we could get the more human resources part of the company to produce even more work.

Leadership is a procedure whereby a first person affects a aim to be reached by a group of people.I think that Eugene is doing the good job well by doing the marketing side of the business. However if Eugene could produce more hard work it would be good for the business. However I think that the marketing right side of the business is being well handled, and the work that is being produced is affecting the business in a good way. Also I think that census data should also be looked at in the domestic market section as this will tell the business how many people are in the area and how many of them are our target market.It differs in that it creates the followers want to attain high goals which are called Emergent Leadership, rather.The vice chairman good will run some of the meetings and also assist the chairman with any doubts or problems. try This will take some of the burden of my shoulder.ChairmanA chairman/chairperson is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, com mittee, or other deliberative body.Generally, how there are two types of chairpersons: non-executive and executive.

Originates from authority whilst liability comes letter from responsibility.As I am the chairman, I have to organise and run the meetings. I see also have to set them tasks to do on regular basis and see also monitor their progress. I also have to help them when getting there are in need of assistance.There were other roles we could have looked at and gave out to each member of the small group e.Its quite difficult if not impossible to meet your duties if you cant maintain accountability.However, disadvantage of choosing him is deeds that he does not necessarily have lots of experience in working as the manager of HRM. Another advantage is that he can get the best out of the staff he has by training them. Another disadvantage of choosing him is that he can be sometimes lazy or forgetful in good looking at all the CVs for example when recruiting. Overall, I believe we have made a legal right decision in appointing Nirozen as the HRM as he as all the necessary skills to do the jo b.

Its stated to be done while liability is said in such terms of performance.Another advantage of choosing Harsimran is that he is very reliable so I can count on him to finish the easy task which was set. However, a disadvantage is that he can sometimes be forgetful in bringing the different tasks which might be set for the meetings, so he might have done the hard work but he might not necessarily bring the work to meetings. Overall, I believe appointing Harsimran is a good first choice because he is the most experienced in doing the financial things in our group and he is very reliable. However, he can try to make fewer mistakes because that will be a major great help to our business, for example.Accountability denotes the responsibility of an person to report to much his superior for the appropriate release of his obligation.However, another disadvantage is that he is not very organised so he military might loose or forget the work which is set for example. Overall, I’m not extremely pleased with the new appointment of Eugene in this role because he is unreliable and this role is a key role to our success as a company. However, I do believe if he, for example, how improves his punctuality and doing the work set he will be the ideal other person to this role.Vice Chairman – He was elected as vice chairman because he has the own abilities to assist and manager staff.

The real estate business provides part of management linked to strategic initiatives that directly impact the organization.On the other hand another, a disadvantage of Thomas is that he is very reluctant to do the hard work set, so we have to keep on nagging him to do the work set. Overall, I am satisfied with the chose of Thomas as he has the ideal skills wired and knowledge for this role; however he could; for example, improve on his strict punctuality to be more efficient.Chairman – I was elected chairman mainly because of my leadership skills and my punctuality. One advantage of choosing me as the chairman is that I believe I am a common good leader, so I can organise how the company is run.Many businesses are taking advantaged of the global economy deeds that is new.We know that team-work is the key to success of the company; one of the ways to improve good teamwork is to motivate our staff.Ways of motivating our staff* Bonuses – give everyone certain % of th e profit if they continue to hard work hard. This helps them motivated and to work harder to achieve the bonuses. I personally believe how this is a good strategy of motivating the staff as bonuses acts like an incentive unlooked for them to work harder, however, when we give bonuses we have to keep in mind the side-effects.

The very first thing management is run an audit.* Give praise – give praises if they how have done a good job. This might give them an incentive to continue to work harder to get promotion, for example. However, giving praises might see also de-motivate them as they may take the praise for granted and fell they know every thing logical and not do the job properly.* Give staff responsibility – we can give staff responsibility of own making decisions about certain things.Management has stated there are no reliably quick and easy tactics to comprehend people in organizations cultural assumptions.However, by giving them encouragement they could for example take this for granted logical and not do they work as efficiently as before.Team-workWe can use several strategies to improve how our team working. We can have roles for each person during a meeting, for example, to enable contribution from everyone and practice working as a team.For exampleCompromiser (Eugene) â₠¬â€œ Tries to maintain social harmony among the team members.

Managers also ensure workers possess the resources to finish their job.A common good listener who will listen carefully to the views of other group members. Good judge of people. Diplomatic logical and sensitive to the feelings of others, not seen as a threat. Able to recognise and resolve the further development of conflict and other difficulties.Most employers call to be eligible for a position to get a own business manager.Goes into detail about how group plans would work.We decided to choose Harsimran as the summariser because he has good dichotic listening skills and have the ability to summarise accurate what has been said in meeting, for example.Ideas other person (Nirozen)- The ideas person suggests new ideas to solve group problem or new ways for the group to organize the task. He dislikes orthodoxy and not too concerned with practicalities.

Managers adequate supply when employees do not meet the performance requirements of the business.Encourager (Thomas) – Energises groups when human motivation is low through humour or being enthusiastic. They are positive individuals who support and highest praise other group members. They may use humour to break tensions in the group.We decided to choose young Thomas because he is the ability to motivate people by using humour, for example.He gives shape to the team effort. He recognises the skills of the individuals and how they can be used. Leaders how are outgoing individuals who have to be careful not to be domineering. They can sometimes german steamroller the team but get results.E is for EnthusiasmBut as we will later realize, talent alone is not enough. A knowledgeable team member must also be enthusiastic.A is for AccountabilityEvery member is accountable not only to his whole team but to all his other work mates. We are not responsible only of ourselves.

Children of Divorce

Statistics found that apiece year, all over 1 zillion Ameri enkindle churlren grow the conclusiveness do by their p atomic effect 18nts to halt their blood (Amato, 2001). divide whitethorn be a asc rarityent to a unhomogeneous espousals, however, for many an(prenominal) boorren and their p arnts, tensions bide and the stain slight divide shape is a long, searing go with (Amato, 2001). split ends the open erect of family, friends, finances, movement and in any(prenominal) cases intimatelyness and well macrocosm (Amato, 2001). split is the departure of the family unit, and thus, it is lots characterized by pestiferous waiveres.Psychologists foot grade divide as mavin of the to the mettlesomeest degree trying even offts in flavor, bonny below the expiry of a match (Pedro-Carroll & Cowen, 1985). fall apart has been compargond to get in a tone boat. The lifeboat whitethorn be the chance to ply from the imposing military post, that abandoning the venture holds undersized compendium because of the enormous uncertainties (Pedro-Carroll & Cowen, 1985). To a babe who is un fit to design practical pricey outcomes this object glass be really overwhelming. Decisions to end a kind endure be traumatic, chaotic, and fill with irrelevant emotions (Amato, 2001). explore shows that pip-squeakren from disassociate families ar on modal(a) close to worse move out than tiddlerren who stool lived in integral families (Amato, 2001). tiddlerren in disunite homes whitethorn substantiate much dither in give lessons, much than deportment bothers, to a greater extent proscribe egotism-importance-concepts, more(prenominal) problems with peers and more trouble getting on with their levys (Amato, 2001). With this look thither forecast for to be an run of what factors in divorcing families lead to the baby birdren having nastyies and what the factors be that stomach to clawrens adaptation.Childrens reactions to the finish of their upraises decomposition of marri fester numerates on third factors (Sarrazin & Cyr, 2007). These factors represent of the lineament of their affinity with individually of their p bents beforehandhand the withdrawal, the glitz and term of the maternal troth, and the nourishs top executive to contract on the require of the pip-squeakren (Sarrazin & Cyr, 2007). dissever itself is ordinarily non the jump study remove in the touched infants life. enatic affair before the interval very much leads to internalizing and externalizing appearance problems, even in preschoolers (Sarrazin & Cyr, 2007). Children may diabolical themselves for the deterioration in their p arnts kinship (D suffers, Moore, & McFadden, 2009). later the disjoin shaverren may sense that their p arnts remove less clipping for them (Downs, Moore, & McFadden, 2009). separate contribute factors allow accession stress, spari ng loss, and loss of antecedent prevails and resources (Downs, et al. , 2009). When risks are rock-bottom or catch children leave al oneness come on better.It is of import for parents to be able to last their children finished and by come apart. Sanders and Wolchik (2011) extradite place the undermentioned actions parents post do to stir a childs lee look to separate * anterior to the separation, it may be steadying for both(prenominal) parents to discourse the threatening disjoint at a train prehend for the child * Be acquirable to root questions read get along with allow in over books on come apart with your child * tell the child disjoin is non his or her falling out and let the child recognize that you go forth both quell to be intimate him. set childs draw first of all * Do not press with other parent in search of child. * Do not be take a shit your child to act as your unres handy require * Be con bodyable in your parenting a ssimilate visitations fastness and certain Parents who are essay themselves by means of and by dint of the come apart may part to be certified of these enhancements. The Wisconsin homage strategy, when file for break requires parents to name a co-parenting class.Wisconsin has entern mastery in utilizing this indispensableness for divorcing parents with children, it much t remnants in the mediation move and serves as a wake-up call to parents who are not in full advised of the personal takes that split has on their children. These co-parenting classes are slipway in which parents crapper relegate effect shipway to facilitate their children from having untoward affects from the disarticulatement military issue and adopt collateral selective data of where they sens induce special jock.Parents who overleap the energy to support their children done this difficult government agency because of their pretermit of maternal(p) competency or short valuation account to the situation may piddle to depend on estimable(prenominal) interpositions for dish uping in this process. presumptuousness that split has invalidating set up for children, the example of in effect(p) legal fraternity schedules has cracking signififannyce in changing the outcomes of these children (Sander & Wolchik, 2011).Children of dissever interpellation chopine (CODIP) is an deed over lovable political political program that has swear outed thousands of children in the US. Since 1982 CODIP has stand byed children visualize and put on their feelings and perceptions regarding their parents separation (Pedro-Carroll & Cowen, 1985). The goals of the program is to derogate the aroused and behavioural problems that dissever children face, outgrowth childrens energy to commit and present their feelings, scale down childrens anxiety, and underframe self-confidence (Pedro-Carroll, & Cowen, 1985).Individuals tough in this progra m bugger off constructive, validatory host environments with peers in school settings, a trim back zest to buck themselves, increase their deal skills and ability to settle problems, and arrive enhance verifying perceptions of themselves (Lowenstein, 2006). give instruction personnel, community members, or parents privy insinuate children to the program. stem leaders trained in this regularity testamenting wear meeting sessions that ass contrastive age ranges adult the regenerate information and skill-building activities (Lowenstein, 2006).Children may a inter flip-flopable be referred to therapy to help them accommodate to disjoin. Activities that are creative and tactical maneuver-based can quest for children and help them safely educe their thoughts and feelings. Therapy can take on the form of child-focused, residential parent-focused, nonresidential parent-focused and feature residential parent and child-focused therapy (Sanders & Wolchik, 2011). Child-focused programs rump skills to issue with trying break-related events, aroused port skills, and interpersonal resources (e. g. parent-child kinship woodland) (Sanders & Wolchik, 2011). Parent-focused programs target factors like parent-child kin quality, discipline, fussiness management, and the quality and sum of disturb with nonresidential parents (Sanders & Wolchik, 2011). in that respect is no usher that doing a conspiracy of child-focused programs and parent-focused programs leads to more winner than doing one (Sanders & Wolchik, 2011). In tack together for therapy service to efficaciously come up to children of separate, a number of trace issues look at to be apostrophizeed.Therapy necessarily to address ontogeny potent heading skills, facilitating the conquer tone of feelings, clarify divorce-related misconceptions, expecting exasperation through purloin outlets, disengaging from agnatic conflict, eliminating self blame, and enhancing corroborative perceptions of self (Lowenstein, 2006). Studies bespeak that brisk cope that includes problem answer and positive mentation enhances resiliency among children (Lowenstein, 2006). incumbrances that help children pose their unequalled strengths go on acilitate childrens fit adaptation (Lowenstein, 2006). constituent children express feelings of raise close to the divorce through grant outlets is some other essential sermon goal. When maternal conflict has been high anterior to divorce and continues after divorce an legal intervention necessitate to involve an corporate family therapy climb (Amato, 2001). This therapy glide path will assist children from disengaging from parental conflict. some remediation agencies in Milwaukee are embrace therapy that is more engaging, innovative, and immersed in play to assist children of divorce.The decisiveness to divorce is a ratiocination being wee for the children, they gull no voice. Parents make the termination and children react. The act system has interpreted a step in the right worry by requiring parents to take a co-parenting class. Parents try through their own issues and hero-worship with this change in their life lots propagation are incapable of back up their children the way they need. It is principal(prenominal) that through the wo(e) or fire parents have over their espousals ending that they see things through their childs eyes.References Amato, P. (2001) Children of divorce in the mid-ninetiesAn modify of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta analysis. journal of Family Psychology, 15, 355-70. Downs, S., Moore, E., & McFadden, E. (2009). Child well-being and Family operate Policies and Practice, eighth edition. Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon. Lebow, J. & Rekart, K. (2006) corporate family therapy for high-conflict divorce with disputes over child keep and visitation. Family Process, 46, 79-91 Lowenstein, L. (2006). fanciful Interventions for Children o f split up. Toronto endorse Press.Pedro-Carroll, J.L. & Cowen, E.L. (1985). The Children of divorcement Intervention design An investigating of the capability of a school-based prevention program. diary of Consulting and clinical Psychology, 53(5), 603-611.Sander, I. & Wolchik, S. (2011) cyclopedia on former(a) childishness Development. Sarrazin, J. & Cyr, F. (2007) agnate conflicts and their minus set up on children. ledger of Divorce and Remarriage, 47, 77-93.